Зигмунд Фрейд - Totem and Taboo

But we must not let our judgment about primitive men be influenced too far by the analogy with neurotics. Differences must also be taken into account. Of course the sharp division between thinking and doing as we draw it does not exist either with savages or with neurotics. But the neurotic is above all inhibited in his actions; with him the thought is a complete substitute for the deed. Primitive man is not inhibited, the thought is directly converted into the deed, the deed is for him so to speak rather a substitute for the thought, and for that reason I think we may well assume in the case we are discussing, though without vouching for the absolute certainty of the decision, that “In the beginning was the deed”.

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Jung: Wandlungen and Symbole der Libido (Transformations and Symbols of the Libido) translated by Dr. Beatrice Hinkle under the title The Psychology of the Unconscious , and Principles of Psychoanalysis, Nervous and Mental Diseases .

The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement , translated by A. A. Brill.

Selected Papers on Hysteria and other Psychoneuroses , translated by A. A. Brill.

The Psychopathology of Everyday Life , translated by A. A. Brill.

Translated by A. A. Brill.

Wit and Its Relations to the Unconscious , translated by A. A. Brill.

Freud: Leonardo Da Vinci , translated by A. A. Brill.

Cf. the works of Abraham, Spielrein, Jung, and Rank.

Frazer, Totemism and Exogamy , Vol. I, p. 53. “The totem bond is stronger than the bond of blood or family in the modern sense.”

This very brief extract of the totemic system cannot be left without some elucidation and without discussing its limitations. The name Totem or Totam was first learned from the North American Indians by the Englishman, J. Long, in 1791. The subject has gradually acquired great scientific interest and has called forth a copious literature. I refer especially to Totemism and Exogamy by J. G. Frazer, 4 vols., 1910, and the books and articles of Andrew Lang ( The Secret of Totem , 1905). The credit for having recognized the significance of totemism for the ancient history of man belongs to the Scotchman, J. Ferguson MacLennan ( Fortnightly Review , 1869–70). Exterior to Australia, totemic institutions were found and are still observed among North American Indians, as well as among the races of the Polynesian Islands group, in East India, and in a large part of Africa. Many traces and survivals otherwise hard to interpret lead to the conclusion that totemism also once existed among the aboriginal Aryan and Semitic races of Europe, so that many investigators are inclined to recognize in totemism a necessary phase of human development through which every race has passed.

Frazer, l.c. , p. 54.

But the father, who is a Kangaroo, is free—at least under this prohibition—to commit incest with his daughters, who are Emu. In the case of paternal inheritance of the totem the father would be Kangaroo as well as the children; then incest with the daughters would be forbidden to the father and incest with the mother would be left open to the son. These consequences of the totem prohibition seem to indicate that the maternal inheritance is older than the paternal one, for there are grounds for assuming that the totem prohibitions are directed first of all against the incestuous desires of the son.

Second edition, 1902.

The Native Tribes of Central Australia (London, 1899).

The number of totems is arbitrarily chosen.

Article Totemism in Encyclopedia Britannica , eleventh edition, 1911 (A. Lang).

Storfer has recently drawn special attention to this point in his monograph: Parricide as a Special Case. Papers on Applied Psychic Investigation , No. 12 (Vienna, 1911).

R. H. Codrington, The Melanesians , also Frazer Totemism and Exogamy , Vol. I, p. 77.

Frazer, l.c. , II, p. 124, according to Kleintischen: The Inhabitants of the Coast of the Gazelle Peninsula .

Frazer, l.c. , II, p. 131, according to P. G. Peckel in Anthropes , 1908.

Frazer, l.c. , II, p. 147, according to the Rev. L. Fison.

Frazer, l.c. , II. p. 189.

Frazer, l.c. , II, p. 388, according to Junod.

Frazer, l.c. , II, p. 424.

Frazer, l.c. , II, p. 76.

Frazer, l.c. , II, p. 113, according to C. Ribbe: Two Years among the Cannibals of the Solomon Islands , 1905.

Frazer, l.c. , II, p. 385.

Frazer, l.c. , II, p. 461.

v. Crawley: The Mystic Rose (London, 1902), p. 405.

Crawley, l.c. , p. 407.

Crawley, l.c. , p. 401, according to Leslie: Among the Zulus and Amatongas , 1875.

Voelkerpsychologie , II. Band: Mythus und Religion , 1906, II, p. 308.

Eleventh Edition; this article also gives the most important references.

This application of the taboo can be omitted as not originally belonging in this connection.

Voelkerpsychologie , Vol. II: Religion und Mythus , p. 300.

l.c. , p. 237.

Comp. Chapter I.

l.c. , p. 307.

l.c. , p. 313.

Frazer, The Golden Bough , II: Taboo and the Perils of the Soul , 1911, p. 136.

Both the pleasure and the prohibition referred to touching one’s own genitals.

The relation to beloved persons who impose the prohibition.

To use an excellent term coined by Bleuler.

See Chapter IV; Totemism, etc.

Third Edition, Part II: Taboo and the Perils of the Soul , 1911.

Frazer, l.c. , p. 166.

Paulitschke, Ethnography of North–east Africa .

Frazer, Adonis, Attis, Osiris , p. 248, 1907. According to Hugh Low, Sarawak (London, 1848).

J. O. Dorsay, see Frazer, Taboo , etc., p. 181.

Frazer, Taboo , pp. 166–174. These ceremonies consist of hitting shields, shouting, bellowing and making noises with various instruments, etc.