Constantine Pleshakov: The Crimean Nexus

Steinmeier, Frank-Walter, 57

Stern, David, 133

Stettinius, Edward R., 90

Stoltenberg, Jens, 165

Stone, Oliver, 159

Subtelny, Orest, 40, 43

Syria, 137, 148–149, 169–170

Talbott, Strobe, 24, 28, 35

Tatars, Crimean, 5, 66

deportation of, 90, 91

and Nazi occupation, 88–90

origins of, 114–115

in Russian revolution and civil war, 86–87

in Soviet republic, 88

“Third Rome” concept, 74–76

Tito, Iosip Broz, 135

Tolstoy, Leo: Anna Karenina , 130

Sebastopol Sketches , 84, 107, 145

Trianon Treaty (1920), 164

Truman Doctrine, 76, 138–139

Tsigans (gypsies), 81

Tsiskaridze, Nikolai, 122

Tsvetaeva, Marina, 96

Turkey: Black Sea dominance of, 137–138

Crimean Tatars supported by, 116, 149

in Crimean War, 83–84, 138

and gas pipeline project, 141

NATO membership, 156, 157. See also Ottoman Empire

Turner, Michael, 165

Twain, Mark, 104, 105, 107

Tyahnybok, Oleh, 55, 57, 133

Tymoshenko, Yulia, 106, 134

Ukraine: anti-government protests in, 50–51, 52–53, 54–55, 57, 58

Crimea as part of, 43, 46, 64, 91–92, 112–114, 144

and Crimean Tatars, 116–117

and Donbass region separatism, 128–129

and European Union cooperation, 50, 51–52

as failed state, 133–135

and Kosovo independence, 29

and NATO membership, 56, 58, 64, 137, 157–158

navy of, 121, 139

Orange Revolution in, 31, 44, 57, 58

Polonization of, 38–39

regional differences in, 19, 37, 45

and Russia, historical roots, 37–38

Russian gas transit through, 48–49

and Russian invasion of Crimea, 63–64, 119–122, 154–155

Russian invasion of Donbass region, 22, 129–132

Russification of, 39–40

Sovietization of, 42–43

U.S. intervention in, 20, 30–31, 53–57, 58–59, 64, 170

U.S. policy debate over, 158–161

Ukrainians in Crimea, 85, 88, 89, 90

Ukrainka, Lesya (Larysa Kosach-Kvitka), 41

United Nations (U.N.), 43, 55

Convention on the Law of the Sea, 136, 140

and Crimean annexation, 127, 155–156

and Kosovo secession, 28, 29

United States: Black Sea missiles of, 139

and Crimean annexation, 127–128, 129, 157

and Kosovo intervention, 28, 30

and NATO expansion, 22–27, 30

Obama’s foreign policy principle, 168–169

sanctions against Crimea, 147

Ukraine, political intervention in, 30–31, 32–35, 53–57, 58–59, 64, 159–160, 170

Versailles Treaty (1919), 166

Vladimir, Prince, 108–109, 136

Volga Tatars, 118

Voloshin, Maksimillian, 94, 97–98

Weber, Max, 133

Weisman, Stephen, 47

Weiss, Andrew S., 129

Westernization, 16–17, 56–57, 167

Wheatcroft, Geoffrey, 28

Whewell, Tim, 130

Williams, Brian G., 66, 67, 88

Wilson, Andrew, 159

Wilson, Woodrow, 17, 42

World War I, 138

Paris Peace Conference, 18, 42, 135

Versailles Treaty, 166

World War II, 5, 7, 8, 88–89, 90, 108, 138, 155

Wrangel, Pyotr, 102, 103

Wyszyński, Stefan, 17

Yalta, 2, 7, 9, 86

Chekhov and, 105–106

Nabokov on, 94–95

as Russian Riviera, 103–105

Yalta Conference, 90

Yanukovych, Viktor, 30–31, 50, 51, 52, 57, 58, 117, 135, 160

Yatsenyuk, Arseniy, 55, 57, 134, 135

Yeltsin, Boris N., 25, 46, 47, 113

Yevpatoria (Goezleve), 68, 72, 78, 79

Yugoslavia, 27–30, 135

Yushchenko, Viktor, 30, 31, 44, 135

Zeman, Miloš, 164

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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Ebenezer Henderson, Biblical Researches and Travels in Russia; Including a Tour in the Crimea and the Passage of the Caucasus (London: James Nisbet, 1826), 291.

Charles King, The Black Sea: A History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 12.

Neal Ascherson, Black Sea (New York: Hill and Wang, 1996), 5.

V. Badesku, “Release of Hydrogen Sulfide by Asteroid Impacts in Black Sea and Risks for Inland Human Population,” NCBI , October 2007, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17696133(retrieved March 5, 2015).

H. D. Seymour, Russia on the Black Sea and Sea of Azof (London: John Murray, 1855), 294; Henry James, The Turn of the Screw and Other Stories (Köln: Könemann, 1996), 122.

“Crimea Profile—Overview,” BBC, March 13, 2015, www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18287223(retrieved August 11, 2015).

Harry de Windt, Russia as I Know It (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1917), 184.

Ascherson, Black Sea , 9–10.

Erich Manstein, Lost Victories (St. Paul, Minn.: Zenith, 2004), 247.

Genesis, 2:11, in Holy Bible: New Living Translation (Wheaton, Ill.: Tyndale, 1996), 13.

Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003), 193; Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (New York: Free Press, 2006).

Robert Kagan, “Superpowers Don’t Get to Retire,” The New Republic , May 26, 2014; “How to Spot a Russian Bomber,” BBC, February 20, 2015, www.bbc.com/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-31537705(retrieved February 20, 2015).

William Green Miller, “Foreword,” in Crimea: Dynamics, Challenges, and Prospects , ed. Maria Drohobycky (London: Rowman & Littlefield, 1995), xiii.

“Ukraine: UK and EU Badly Misread Russia,” BBC, February 20, 2015, www.bbc.com/news/uk-31545744(retrieved February 20, 2015).

The Book of Lech Walesa (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982), 144.

Robert Lansing, The Peace Negotiations: A Personal Narrative (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1921), 99–100; Tasker Bliss quoted in Margaret MacMillan, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World (New York: Random House, 2001), 58.

Kagan, “Superpowers Don’t Get to Retire.”

Henry Kissinger, “To Settle the Ukraine Crisis, Start in the End,” Washington Post , March 5, 2014.