Constantine Pleshakov: The Crimean Nexus

Goezleve (Yevpatoria), 68, 72, 78, 79

Gogol, Nikolai, 39

Goldman, Marshall, 46

Gorbachev, Mikhail S., 23, 91, 122–123

Gorchakova, Yelena, 85

Graham, Lindsey, 127–128

Greeks in Crimea, 3, 4, 5, 66, 67, 74, 80, 82, 88, 90, 151

Grinevsky, Aleksandr, 101

gypsies of Crimea (Tsigans), 81

Habsburg Empire, 40

Hitler, Adolf, 5, 88–89, 155

Holderness, Mary, 79–80

Hollande, François, 161

Hrushevsky, Mykhailo, 40

Hungary: and NATO membership, 24, 27

and Ukraine crisis, 164

Huntington, Samuel P., 10, 26, 44–45, 167

“hybrid war” doctrine, 120, 129

Ilyasov, Remzi, 148

ISIS, 148–149, 161, 163, 169–170

Istomin, Vladimir, 110–111

Italians in Crimea, 66, 68, 69, 70

Ivan III (tsar of Russia), 75

Ivan IV, the Terrible (tsar of Russia), 37, 73–74

Jackson, Mike, 29

James, Henry, 4

Jaresco, Natalie, 134

Jews: autonomous republic plan, 90

in Crimea, 5, 66, 81, 82, 88, 89, 151

in Ukraine, 39, 41

Kaffa (Feodosia), 6, 68, 69–70, 71, 74, 77, 78, 99

Kagan, Robert, 11, 18, 32, 54, 159

Karaims, 151

Karaites, 66, 74, 81, 82

Keating, William, 165

Kennan, George F., on NATO expansion, 25–26

Kerch Strait, 2, 65, 110, 120, 121, 136, 144, 152

Kerry, John, 53

Khanate, Crimean, 39, 40, 70, 71–74, 77–78, 114

Khmelnytsky, Bohdan, 39, 41

Khrushchev, Nikita S., 20, 43, 46, 64, 91

Kiev, 37, 42

anti-government protests in, 50–51, 52, 54–55

Kievan Rus’, 37–38, 91, 99, 108–109

Kissinger, Henry A., 19, 22, 160, 168

Klichko, Vitaliy, 55, 57

Kohl, Helmut, 24

Koktebel, 95–98, 111

Kolomoysky, Ihor, 130, 134

Komnene, Anna, 75, 76

Kornilov, Vladimir, 110–111

Kosovo, secession of, 27–30, 119, 164

Kozyrev, Andrei, 35

Krasnyi Luch, 8–9

Kristof, Nicholas, 128

Krymchaks, 151

Kuban Cossacks, 120

Kupchenko, V. P., 97–98

Kuprin, Aleksandr, 101

Lansing, Robert, 17–18

Lenin, Vladimir I., 42, 43, 57, 87

Lermontov, Mikhail, “Taman,” 99

Lévy, Bernard-Henri, 165

Luhansk republic, 128, 129

Luttwak, Edward N., 67

Mandelshtam, Osip, 100, 102

Manstein, Erich von, Lost Victories , 7

Matlock, Jack F., 21, 23, 44, 160

Matsuev, Denis, 122

Mayakovsky, Vladimir, 102

McCaffrey, Barry, 25

McCain, John S., 32–33, 53–54, 127–128, 162, 164

McConnell, Scott, 166

McFaul, Michael, 34–35, 159

Menendez, Robert, 127–128

Menon, Rajan, 166

Merkel, Angela, 55–56, 162

Meshkov, Yury, 113

Mickiewicz, Adam, 98

Miller, William, 11

Milošević, Slobodan, 27–28

Mistral warships, 163, 165–166

Mladić, Ratko, 28

Moldova, 128

Mongol conquest, 38, 69–70

Monroe Doctrine, 21

Montenegro, 158

Montreux Convention (1936), 138, 139

Moravians in Crimea, 80–81

Mukachevo, 133–134

Nabokov, Vladimir, 87, 94–95, 100–101

Nakhimov, Pavel, 110–111

Napoleon I (emperor of France), 21, 57, 170

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization): eastward expansion of, 20, 22–27, 30, 137, 156–157, 158

and German reunification, 23, 24

in Kosovo intervention, 27–30

and Ukrainian membership, 56, 58, 64, 157–158

NATO Treaty, 28, 155, 156

natural gas: Black Sea reserves, 140–141

fracking, 141–142

pipelines, 6, 48–49, 141, 162, 163

Nekrasov, Nikolai, 94

Nicholas I (emperor of Russia), 82–83, 107

Nicholas II (emperor of Russia), 145

Night Wolves, 114, 120, 121, 147

Nord Stream gas pipeline, 48–49, 163

North Atlantic Treaty Organization. See NATO

Novorossiisk naval base, 45–46

Nuland, Victoria, 35, 53, 54–56, 57, 166

Nunn, Sam, 160–161

Obama, Barack, 34, 53, 129, 147, 157, 166

on American exceptionalism, 32

debate over foreign policy of, 158–161

foreign policy philosophy of, 168–169

Oettinger, Günther, 162

Orange Revolution, 31, 44, 57, 58

Orbán, Viktor, 164

Ottoman Empire, 16, 39, 40

Crimean government of, 70–71, 77

and Crimean Khanate, 72–73, 74

Crimean Tatars in, 82, 84–85

and Mongols, 70

Romanov invasion of, 82–83. See also Turkey

Pamuk, Orhan, 139

Paris Peace Conference (1919), 18, 42, 135

Paul, Ron, 158

Paustovsky, Konstantin, 101

Perekop Isthmus, 1, 65, 77, 89, 122

Peter I, the Great (emperor of Russia), 19, 76, 109–110

Poland: international agreement on Ukraine, 57

NATO membership of, 24, 27

in Ukraine, 38–39

U.S. policy in, 167

Polo, Marco, 68

Poroshenko, Petro O., 52–53, 134, 135, 158

Potemkin, Grigory, 77

Prokofiev, Sergei, 71

Pushkin, Alexander, 98, 99–100, 132

“The Fountain of Bakhchisaray,” 100

Pussy Riot, 33–34

Putin, Vladimir V.: in Crimean invasion, 63–64, 119–122

on Crimean myth, 136

on Crimean naval bases, 46

demonization in West, 16, 54, 153, 162, 168

and Donbass insurgency, 129, 130–131, 132

energy policy of, 47, 48–49, 141

on Islam, 118–119

and Kiev protests, 53–54

on McCain, 53–54

popularity of, 35, 47, 143, 168

protests against, 33–34, 59

Yalta visit of, 106

Pyatt, Geoffrey R., 53, 55–56, 57

Rasmussen, Anders Fogh, 142, 165

Remnick, David, 169

Roberts, Paul Craig, 158

Rogers, Mike, 165

Romania, 137, 138, 141

Romans, in Crimea, 67

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 90

Roth, Andrew, 131

Roxburgh, Angus, 46

Rumer, Eugene, 166

Russia: Black Sea Fleet, 109–110, 136, 137, 139

and Black Sea gas reserves, 140–142

Black Sea naval bases of, 45–46, 64

Donbass invasion, 22, 129–132

energy exports of, 47–48

gas pipelines of, 6, 48–49, 141, 162, 163

and NATO expansion, 27, 30, 58

near abroad concept, 20–22

and Ukraine, shared history with, 37–41. See also Crimea—Russian annexation of; Russia, tsarist; Soviet Union

Russia, tsarist: Crimean resorts of, 79, 104–105

in Crimean War, 83–84, 107, 110–111

navy of, 109–110

occupation of Crimea, 78–86

and “Third Rome” concept, 74–76

Russians in Crimea, 85, 88, 89, 90

Saakashvili, Mikheil, 134

Sachs, Jeffrey, 166

Said, Edward, Orientalism , 100

Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de, 168

Saitvaliev, Ruslan, 148–149

Sakharov, Andrei D., 33, 114

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 130

Saunders, Paul, 160

Schroeder, Gerhard, 48, 162

Serbia, and Kosovo independence, 27–30

Sevastopol, 2, 8, 68, 78, 86, 89, 106–109

as naval base, 46, 58, 64, 137

religious significance of, 108–109

and Russian annexation, 121, 123

in Russian civil war, 102–103

sieges of, 84, 107, 108, 110–111

Shany, Yuval, 154

Shevchenko, Taras, 41

Shultz, George P., 160–161

Sikorski, Radoslaw, 57

Silk Road, 6, 68

Simes, Dimitri K., 160

Simferopol, 78, 89

Sinan, Mimar, 72

Sivash, 1, 2

Slashchov, Yakov, 103

Sochi Olympics, 34, 59–60

Sophia Palaeolog, Princess, 75–76

South Ossetia, 30, 165

South Stream gas pipeline project, 49, 141, 162

Soviet Union: collapse of, 10, 21, 43, 45

Crimean republic, 88

Donbass region in, 128

naval bases of, 45, 46

republics of, 42–43. See also Russia

Spain, 157

Spivakov, Vladimir, 122

Stalin, Joseph, 9, 42, 43, 71, 76, 90, 91, 108, 111

Stavridis, James G., 129