Робин Кори - Страх. История политической идеи

(17) Cobban, pp. 19–27, 51.

(18) Cobban, pp. 19–27, 51.

(19) Shklar, Montesquieu, pp. 21–22.

(20) Melvin Richter, Montesquieu’s Comparative Analysis of Europe and Asia: In tended and Unintended Consequences, в изд.: L’Europe de Montesquieu (Napoli: Linguori Editore, 1995), pp. 331, 335–37.

(21) Spirit, II.6, p. 157. O различиях между между либерализмом Монтескьё и Локка cм.: Pierre Manent, An Intellectual History of Liberalism / trans. Rebecca Balinski (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995), pp. 53–64.

(22) Хотя Монтескьё действительно дал определение террору в своих дневниках. См.: Shklar, Montesquieu, p. 84.

(23) Peter Gay, The Enlightenment: An Interpretation, vol. 2, The Science of Freedom (New York: W. W. Norton, 1969), pp. 320-22; Thomas Pangle, Montesquieu’s Philosophy of Liberalism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973), pp. 11–21; Berlin, pp. 137-38; Richter, The Political Theory of Montesquieu, pp. 32–35; Shklar, Montesquieu, p. 30; Wolin, pp. 102-4.

(24) Spirit, 5.14, 6.1, pp. 60, 74.

(25) Spirit, 3.10, 4.5, pp. 29, 35.

(26) Spirit, 3.8-10, 4.3, 5.13–14, 6.1, 19.27, pp. 27–29, 35, 59–60, 74, 332.

(27) Spirit, 3.8, 10, 5.14, 6.1, 9, pp. 27, 29–30, 63, 74, 82.

(28) Michael Sandel, Liberalism and the Limits of Justice (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982), pp. 55, 19, 177.

(29) Spirit, 3.9-10, 4.3, pp. 28–29, 34–35.

(30) Immanuel Kant, On the Common Saying: ‘This May be True in Theory, but it does not Apply in Practice’, в изд. Political Writings / ed. Hans Reiss; trans. H. B. Nisbet, 2nd ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1970), p. 73; Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals / trans. Lewis White Beck (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1959), pp. 43, 71.

(31) Spirit, 5.12, 14–15, pp. 58–59, 61, 64.

(32) Spirit, 2.5, 3.10, V.12, 14, pp. 20, 29, 59.

(33) Cf. Plato, The Republic / trans. Allan Bloom (New York: Basic Books, 1968), 5628-648, pp. 240-42; Aristotle, The Politics / trans. Ernest Barker (New York: Oxford University Press, 1962), 1279b, 1295a, pp. 114-15, 178-79; John Locke, The Second Treatise, in Two Treatises of Government / ed. Peter Laslett (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 5199, pp. 398-99.

(34) Spirit, 2.5, 3.8-10, 4.3, 5.1, 14, pp. 20, 27–30, 34–35, 57, 59. Следует отметить, что отношение Монтескьё к религии было неоднозначным. Полагая, что религия сможет противодействовать деспотизму, он допускал и то, что религия, которую он называл «страхом, прибавленным к страху», сможет оказать огромную помощь власти деспота. См.: Spirit, 4.3, 5.14, pp. 34, 61.

(35) Spirit, 2.4–5, 3.8–9, 5.1, 16, pp. 17–20, 27–28, 57, 66.

(36) Spirit, 2.4, 6.1, 21, pp. 18, 72–73, 95.

(37) Spirit. 2.5, 3.9, 5.16, pp. 20, 28, 65.

(38) Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan / ed. Richard Tuck (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991), p. 9.

(39) Цит. в: Shklar, Montesquieu, p. 115.

(40) Spirit, 5.14, 8.17, pp. 59–60, 125.

(41) Spirit, 5.14, 19.12, 14, pp. 60, 314-15.

(42) Hannah Arendt, On the Nature of Totalitarianism: An Essay in Understanding, in Essays in Understanding 1 93 0 –1954 / ed. Jerome Kohn (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1994), p. 329; См. также: pp. 315-16.

(43) Sigmund Freud, Beyond the Pleasure Principle (New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 1950), pp. 49–50.

(44) Spirit, 2.5, 3.10, 5.14, pp. 20, 30, 59–60. 63.

(45) Spirit, 3.9, p. 28.

(46) Michel de Montaigne, The Complete Essays / trans. Donald M. Frame (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1957), pp. 52–53; Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of World History / trans. H. B. Nisbet (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975), p. 190.

(47) К дискуссиям Монтескьё об Азии См.: Ali Behdad, The Eroticized Orient: Images of Harem in Montesquieu and his Precursors // Stanford French Review 12 (Fall / Winter 1989), pp. 109-26; Robert Shackleton, Asia as Seen by French Enlightenment, в изд.: Essays on Montesquieu and the Enlightenment / ed. David Gilson and Martin Smith (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1988), p. 239; Richter, Despotism, pp. 12–13; Richter, Montesquieu’s Comparative Analysis of Europe and Asia, pp. 329-48; Venturi, pp. 137-39; David Young, Montesquieu’s View of Despotism, pp. 392–405. О космополитизме Монтескьё см.: Norman Hampson, Will and Circumstance: Montesquieu, Rousseau and the French Revolution (London: Gerald Duck worth, 1983), pp. 4, 11; Shklar, Montesquieu, p. 30; Todorov, On Human Diversity, pp. 353-99.

(48) Denis Diderot, Observations sur le Nakaz, in Political Writings / ed. John Hope Mason and Robert Wokler (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992), p. 90; Robespierre. Report on the Principles of Political Morality, в The Old Regime and the French Revolution / ed. Keith Michael Baker (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), p. 375; Saint-Just and de Stael cited in Richter, Despotism, p. 14; Hegel, p. 190.

(49) Elaine Scarry, The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985), pp. 3–59; Michael Taussig, The Nervous System (New-York: Routledge, 1992), pp. 1, 6, 16, 20, 26, 33; Tina Rosenberg, Children of Cain: Violence and the Violent in Latin America (New York: Penguin, 1991); Amy Wilentz, The Rainy Season (NewYork: Simon and Schuster), 1989.

(50) Cf. Jean Bethke Elshtain, Democracy on Trial (New York: Basic, 1995), pp. 38–39. 42–43, 45–52; John Gray, Post-Liberalism: Studies in Political Thought (London: Routledge, 1993), p. 158; Charles Taylor, Invoking Civil Society, в изд.: Philosophical Arguments (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995), pp. 204-5, 214–222; Charles Taylor, Liberal Politics and the Public Sphere, в изд.: New Communitarian Thinking: Persons, Virtues, Institutions, and Communities / ed. Amitai Etzioni (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1995), pp. 185, 211; Civil Society and the State: New European Perspectives / ed. John Keane (London: Verso, 1988); Ernest Gellner, Conditions of Liberty: Civil Society and its Revival (New York: Penguin, 1994); Freedom of Association / ed. Amy Guttman (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998); The Essential Civil Society Reader: The Classic Essays / ed. Don E. Eberly (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefi eld, 2000).

(51) James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, The Federalist Papers (New York: Penguin, 1987), No. 47, p. 303; Daniel T. Rodgers, Contested Truths: Keywords in American Politics Since Independence (New York: Basic, 1987), p. 57; Shklar, Montesquieu, p. 121; Jack N. Rakove, Original Meanings: Politics and Ideas in the Making of the Constitution (New York: Vintage, 1996).

(52) Edmund Burke, A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origins of our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), p. 54.