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Owen Beattie: Frozen in Time: The Fate of the Franklin Expedition

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Owen Beattie Frozen in Time: The Fate of the Franklin Expedition
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    Frozen in Time: The Fate of the Franklin Expedition
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    Bloomsbury Publishing
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    2012
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    London
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    Английский
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    978-1-4088-4084-9
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Frozen in Time: The Fate of the Franklin Expedition: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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The Franklin expedition was not alone in suffering early and unexplained deaths. Indeed, both Back (1837) and Ross (1849) suffered early onset of unaccountable “debility” aboard ship and Ross suffered greater fatalities during his single winter in the Arctic than did Franklin during his first. Both expeditions were forced to retreat because of the rapacious illness that stalked their ships. Frozen in Time makes the case that this illness (starting with the Back expedition) was due to the crews’ overwhelming reliance on a new technology, namely tinned foods. This not only exposed the seamen to lead, an insidious poison—as has been demonstrated in Franklin’s case by Dr. Beattie’s research—but it also left them vulnerable to scurvy, the ancient scourge of seafarers which had been thought to have been largely cured in the early years of the nineteenth century. Fully revised, Frozen in Time will update the research outlined in the original edition, and will introduce independent confirmation of Dr. Beattie’s lead hypothesis, along with corroboration of his discovery of physical evidence for both scurvy and cannibalism. In addition, the book includes a new introduction written by Margaret Atwood, who has long been fascinated by the role of the Franklin Expedition in Canada’s literary conscience, and has made a pilgrimage to the site of the Franklin Expedition graves on Beechey Island.

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Notman, D. and O. Beattie. 1996. The Palaeoimaging and Forensic Anthropology of Frozen Sailors from the Franklin Arctic Expedition Mass Disaster (1845–8): A Detailed Presentation of Two Radiological Surveys. Der Mann im Eis. Vol. III. K. Spindler, ed. Vienna: Springer-Verlag.

Nourse, J.E., ed. 1879. Narrative of the Second Arctic Expedition of C.F. Hall. Washington: United States Naval Observatory.

Osborn, Sherard. 1856. Notes on the late Arctic Expeditions. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society. London: Royal Geographical Society.

Osborn, Sherard. 1859. The Last Voyage of Sir John Franklin. Once A Week.

Osborn, Sherard. 1865. Stray Leaves from an Arctic Journal; or, Eighteen Months in the Polar Regions, in Search of Sir John Franklin’s Expedition, in the Years 1850–51. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.

Osborn, Sherard, ed. 1857. The Discovery of the North-West Passage by HMS ‘Investigator,’ Capt. R. M’Clure. 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, Second Edition. London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts.

Owen, Roderic. 1978. The Fate of Franklin. London: Hutchinson.

Parliamentary Papers. 1850. Arctic Expedition. 58–64. London.

Parry, William Edward. 1821. Journal of a Voyage for the Discovery of a North-West Passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific; Performed in the Years 1819–20, in His Majesty’s Ships “Hecla” and “Griper .” London: John Murray.

Parry, William Edward. 1858. Three Voyages for the Discovery of a Northwest Passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific and Narrative of an Attempt to Reach the North Pole, Vol. I. New York: Harper & Bros.

Rae, John. 1855. Arctic exploration, with information respecting Sir John Franklin’s missing party. Journal of the Royal Geographical Society. 25:246–56.

Rasmussen, K. 1927. Across Arctic America: Narrative of the Fifth Thule Expedition. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons.

Read, P.P. 1974. Alive: the Story of the Andes Survivors. New York: Avon Books.

Roland, Charles G. 1984. Saturnism at Hudson’s Bay: The York Factory Complaint of 1833–1836. Canadian Bulletin of Medical History. 1:59–78.

Ross, John. 1835. Narrative of a Second Voyage in Search of Northwest Passage, and of a Residence in the Arctic Regions. London: A.W. Webster.

Savours, Ann. 1999. The Search for the North West Passage. London: Chatham Publishing.

Simpson, Thomas. 1843. Narrative of the Discoveries on the North Coast of America: Effected by the Officers of the Hudson’s Bay Company During the Years 1836–39. London: Richard Bentley.

Spindler, Konrad. 1999. The Tyrolean Iceman and the Seamen from Beechey Island. OeCulture. No. 2.

Stackpole, E.A., ed. 1965. The Long Arctic Search: The Narrative of Lieutenant Frederick Schwatka, U.S.A., 1878–1880. Mystic: Marine Historical Association.

Stefansson, Vilhjalmur. 1918. Observations on three cases of scurvy. Journal of the American Medical Association. Vol. 71, No. 21.

Stefansson, Vilhjalmur. 1970. Unsolved Mysteries of the Arctic. New York: Collier Books.

Stone, Ian R. 1996. The Franklin search in Parliament. Polar Record. 32:182.

Sutherland, Patricia D., ed. 1985. The Franklin Era in Canadian Arctic History, 1845–1859. Mercury Series Archaeological Survey of Canada Paper. No. 131. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada.

Sutherland, Peter. 1852. Journal of a Voyage in Baffin’s Bay and Barrow Straits, in the Years 1850–1851, performed by H.M. Ships Lady Franklin and ‘Sophia,’ under the Command of Mr William Penny, in Search of the Missing Crews of H.M. Ships ‘Erebus’ and ‘Terror’. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.

Wallis, Helen. 1984. England’s Search for the Northern Passages in the Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries. Arctic. Vol. 37, No. 4.

Watt, J., Freeman, E.J., and Bynum, W.F. 1981. Starving Sailors: the Influence of Nutrition Upon Naval and Maritime History. Bristol: National Maritime Museum.

Wightwick, T. 1988. Canned vegetables and lead poisoning. Lancet. 2:1121.

Wonders, W.C. 1968. Search for Franklin. Canadian Geographical Journal. 76:116–27.

Woodward, F.J. 1951. Portrait of Jane: A Life of Lady Franklin. London: Hodder and Stoughton.

Wright, Noel. 1959. Quest for Franklin. London.

Young, Allen. 1879. The Two Voyages of the Pandora in 1875 and 1876. London: Edward Stanford.

Newspapers and magazines used include:

The Anthenaeum, 17 February 1849, 17 November 1849

Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, November 1855

Edmonton Journal, 9 September 1930

Edmonton Sun, 24 September 1984, 26 September 1984, 21 October 1984

Illustrated London News, 24 May 1845, 12 October 1850, 18 February 1854, 28 October 1854, 15 October 1859, 1 January 1881

The Times, 26 April 1845, 12 May 1845, 23 December 1851, 3 January 1852, 5 January 1852, 20 January 1852

Toronto Globe 4 April 1850, 30 April 1850, 23 October 1854, 25 October 1854, 11 October 1859

Other material was derived from primary sources, including various Parliamentary Papers of Great Britain (post-1847), the Arctic Blue Books, the Muster Books of the Erebus and Terror, National Archives (UK); Admiralty medical journal, HMS Enterprize , 1848–49, ADM 101/99/4, National Archives (UK); the collection of the Hydrographic Department, Ministry of Defence (UK) for the letter from E.A. Inglefield to Sir Francis Beaufort, 14 September 1852; the Royal Scottish Geographical Society, for the letter from Harry D.S. Goodsir, to his uncle, 2 July 1845; the British Library (Barrow Bequest, Add. Ms. 35306, section 4) for the letter from E.A. Inglefield to John Barrow, 14 September 1852; Donald Bray for the letter from Sarah Hartnell and Charles Hartnell to John and Thomas Hartnell, 23 December 1847.

A Note on the Authors

Owen Beattie is a professor of anthropology at the University of Alberta. He was born in Victoria, BC, and received his PhD from Simon Fraser University. He has contributed to many forensic investigations in Canada, as well as to human rights and humanitarian projects in Rwanda, Somalia, and Cyprus. He lives in Edmonton.

John Grigsby Geiger is St. Clair Balfour Fellow at Massey College, University of Toronto. He was born in Ithaca, New York, and graduated in history from the University of Alberta. His books have been translated into eight languages. He is a Fellow of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society.

Copyright

First published in Great Britain by Bloomsbury in 1987

Copyright © 1987, 1988, 1998, 2004, by Owen Beattie and John Geiger

This electronic edition published in 2012 by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc

Bloomsbury Publishing Plc

50 Bedford Square,

London, WC1B 3DP

Published by arrangement with Greystone Books (a division of Douglas & Mclntyre Ltd.), Canada

Introduction © 2004 by O.W. Toad

All rights reserved

You may not copy, distribute, transmit, reproduce or otherwise make available this publication (or any part of it) in any form, or by any means (including without limitation electronic, digital, optical, mechanical, photocopying, printing, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the publisher. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages

The moral rights of the authors have been asserted

Bloomsbury Publishing, London, Berlin, New York and Sydney

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