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Karen Bartlett: Architects of Death: The Family Who Engineered the Holocaust

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Karen Bartlett Architects of Death: The Family Who Engineered the Holocaust

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Topf and Sons designed and built the crematoria at the concentration camps at Auschwitz-Birkenau, Buchenwald, Belzec, Dachau, Mauthausen and Gusen. At its height sixty-six Topf triple muffle ovens were in operation – forty-six of which were at Auschwitz. In five years the gas chambers and crematoria of Auschwitz had been the engine of the holocaust, facilitating the murder and incineration of more than one million people, most of them Jews. Yet such a spectacularly evil feat of engineering was designed not by the Nazi SS, but by a small respectable firm of German engineers: the owners and engineers of J. A. Topf and Sons. These were not Nazi sadists, but men who were playboys and the sons of train drivers. They were driven not by ideology, but by love affairs, personal ambition and bitter personal rivalries to create the ultimate human killing and disposal machines – even at the same time as their company sheltered Nazi enemies from the death camps. The intense conflagration of their very ordinary motives created work that surpassed in its inhumanity even the demands of the SS. In order to fulfil their own ‘dreams’ they created the ultimate human nightmare. About the Author

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Karen Bartlett: Architects of Death: The Family Who Engineered the Holocaust
Architects of Death: The Family Who Engineered the Holocaust
Karen Bartlett
Architects of Death: The Family Who Engineered the Holocaust

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Main office 1, 2, 3

personnel of 1, 2

Second World War (1939–45) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

Axis Invasion of Poland (1939) 1

Battle of Stalingrad (1941) 1, 2

Eastern Front (1941–5) 1, 2, 3

Operation Barbarossa (1941) 1, 2, 3, 4

Pearl Harbor Attack (1941) 1

Seyffarth, Arnold 1

Sobibór (extermination camp) 1, 2

Socialist Party of East Germany (SED) 1

Sommer, Martin 1

Soviet Union (USSR) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16

Butyrka Prison 1

Kuybyshev 1

Mogilev 1

Moscow 1, 2, 3, 4

Red Army 1, 2, 3, 4

Stalingrad 1

Special Camp No. 7 (prison camp) 1

Spier, Carl Ludwig 1

Spindler, Dr Edmund 1

Stalin, Josef 1

Stein, Elly

family of 1

Stein, Ruth 1

family of 1

Stein, Leopold

family of 1

Sturcke, Max 1

Switzerland 1

Basel 1

Szaynok, Wanda 1

T

Tarnów Prison 1

Tauber, Henryk 1, 2

Teichmann, Casar 1

Teleki, Pál 1

Third Reich (1933–45) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20

economy of 1

euthanasia programme of 1, 2

Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass) (1938) 1, 2, 3, 4

militarisation program of (1936) 1

Office for Administration and Economy 1

Office for Households and Buildings 1

Race Laws 1

Reich Cremation Law (1938) 1

Stormtroopers (SA) 1

Thüringer Allgemeine 1, 2

Thüringer Gauzeitung 1

Thuringia State Archive 1

Thuringian Industrialists Society 1

Topf, Agnes

family of 1

Topf, Albert 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

background of 1

family of 1, 2, 3, 4

Topf, Dagmar 1

Topf, Elke 1

family of 1

Topf, Erika 1

death of (1963) 1

Topf, Ernst Wolfgang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25

death of (1979) 1

family of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

investigations targeting 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Topf, Gustav 1, 2

Topf, Hanna 1, 2, 3

Topf, Hans 1, 2, 3

family of 1, 2

Topf, Hartmut 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13

family of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Topf, Johann Andreas 1, 2, 3

background of 1

death of (1891) 1

family of 1, 2

Topf, Johanna 1, 2

Topf, Julius 1, 2

family of 1, 2

Topf, Karin 1

family of 1

Topf, Karl

family of 1

Topf, Ludwig 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24

family of 1, 2

Topf Sr, Ludwig 1, 2, 3, 4

family of 1, 2

Topf, Max Julius Ernst 1

Topf, Till

family of 1

Topf, Viktor Karl Ludwig 1

Topf, Wilhelm Louis (Ludwig) 1, 2, 3

Topf and Sons 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42

cremation ovens designed by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13

Department B 1, 2

Department D 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Department E 1

gas chambers constructed by 1, 2, 3

growth of 1, 2

Memorial 1

personnel of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18

re-founding of 1

works council 1

Topf Furnace Construction 1

Topfwerke Erfurt VEB 1

Treblinka (extermination camp) 1, 2

Triebel, Friedrich 1

U

Ukraine 1

United Kingdom (UK) 1, 2

United States of America (USA) 1

Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC) 1, 2, 3, 4

University of Jena 1

Urbanczyk, Walter 1

V

VEB Erfurter Mälzerei- und Speicherbau (EMS/ VEB Erfurt Malting and Storage Construction) 1, 2, 3, 4

Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra 1

Volkmann and Ludwig 1

W

Wachler, Ernst 1

Weimar Military Command 1, 2

Weimar Republic (1918–33) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

deflationary crisis (1929) 1

Wiemokli, Willy 1

background of 1

family of 1

testimony of 1

Windesheim, Hans 1

World Jewish Congress 1

Y

Yugoslavia 1

Z

Ziegenbein, Kurt 1

Ziereis, Franz 1

Zyklon B gas 1, 2, 3, 4

PLATES

The founders of Topf and Sons J A Topf centre Julius Topf left Ludwig - фото 2
The founders of Topf and Sons: J. A. Topf (centre), Julius Topf (left), Ludwig Topf Sr (right).
The Topf family in the early twentieth century COURTESY OF NIKOLA KUZMANIC - фото 3
The Topf family in the early twentieth century.
COURTESY OF NIKOLA KUZMANIC
Despite humble beginnings Topf and Sons expanded and became a large firm in - фото 4
Despite humble beginnings, Topf and Sons expanded and became a large firm in Erfurt.
COURTESY OF NIKOLA KUZMANIC
Ernst Wolfgang Topf and Ludwig Topf COURTESY OF TOPF SÖHNE MEMORIAL Ludwig - фото 5
Ernst Wolfgang Topf and Ludwig Topf.
COURTESY OF TOPF & SÖHNE MEMORIAL
Ludwig Topf in army uniform in the early 1940s COURTESY OF LANDESARCHIV - фото 6
Ludwig Topf in army uniform in the early 1940s.
COURTESY OF LANDESARCHIV THÜRINGEN - HAUPTSTAATSARCHIV WEIMAR
The main administration building at Topf and Sons as it was during the 1940s - фото 7
The main administration building at Topf and Sons as it was during the 1940s.
COURTESY OF LANDESARCHIV THÜRINGEN - HAUPTSTAATSARCHIV WEIMAR
The commemorative brochure printed for the sixtieth anniversary of Topf and - фото 8
The commemorative brochure printed for the sixtieth anniversary of Topf and Sons in 1938.
Kurt Prüfer head of the oven construction and cremation department at Topf and - фото 9
Kurt Prüfer, head of the oven construction and cremation department at Topf and Sons.
COURTESY OF LANDESARCHIV THÜRINGEN - HAUPTSTAATSARCHIV WEIMAR
Fritz Sander cohead of the furnace construction division at Topf and Sons - фото 10
Fritz Sander, co-head of the furnace construction division at Topf and Sons.
COURTESY OF LANDESARCHIV THÜRINGEN - HAUPTSTAATSARCHIV WEIMAR
Karl Schultze head of ventilation systems at Topf and Sons COURTESY OF - фото 11
Karl Schultze, head of ventilation systems at Topf and Sons.
COURTESY OF LANDESARCHIV THÜRINGEN - HAUPTSTAATSARCHIV WEIMAR
Ernst Wolfgang Topf third from left with his brother Ludwig fourth from - фото 12
Ernst Wolfgang Topf (third from left) with his brother Ludwig (fourth from left) and other family members outside Ludwig’s modernist villa in the Topf family park.
COURTESY OF NIKOLA KUZMANIC
Topf and Sons employees at work in the main administration building during the - фото 13
Topf and Sons employees at work in the main administration building during the 1930s.
COURTESY OF NIKOLA KUZMANIC
The entrance to the concentration camp at Birkenau summer 1944 COURTESY OF - фото 14
The entrance to the concentration camp at Birkenau, summer 1944.
COURTESY OF AUSCHWITZBIRKENAU MEMORIAL
The Topf and Sons ovens in Crematorium I at AuschwitzBirkenau COURTESY OF - фото 15
The Topf and Sons ovens in Crematorium I at Auschwitz-Birkenau.
COURTESY OF AUSCHWITZBIRKENAU MEMORIAL
The Topf and Sons ovens in Crematorium II at AuschwitzBirkenau COURTESY OF - фото 16
The Topf and Sons ovens in Crematorium II at Auschwitz-Birkenau.
COURTESY OF AUSCHWITZBIRKENAU MEMORIAL
The exterior of Crematorium III at AuschwitzBirkenau COURTESY OF - фото 17
The exterior of Crematorium III at Auschwitz-Birkenau.
COURTESY OF AUSCHWITZ-BIRKENAU MEMORIAL
The AuschwitzBirkenau Commandant Rudolf Höss moments before his execution - фото 18
The Auschwitz-Birkenau Commandant Rudolf Höss moments before his execution.
COURTESY OF AUSCHWITZ-BIRKENAU MEMORIAL
Topf and Sons operations director Gustav Braun right with his son Udo left - фото 19
Topf and Sons operations director Gustav Braun (right) with his son Udo (left).
COURTESY OF UDO BRAUN
Udo Braun as he is today COURTESY OF UDO BRAUN Hartmut Topf with his parents - фото 20
Udo Braun as he is today.
COURTESY OF UDO BRAUN
Hartmut Topf with his parents Albert and Irmgard COURTESY OF HARTMUT TOPF - фото 21
Hartmut Topf with his parents, Albert and Irmgard.
COURTESY OF HARTMUT TOPF
Hartmut Topf with his sisters Elke left and Karin right COURTESY OF - фото 22
Hartmut Topf with his sisters Elke (left) and Karin (right).
COURTESY OF HARTMUT TOPF
Hartmut Topf in front of the Topf and Sons ovens at Buchenwald COURTESY OF - фото 23
Hartmut Topf in front of the Topf and Sons ovens at Buchenwald.
COURTESY OF NIKOLA KUZMANIC
The Topf and Sons insignia still visible today on the ovens at Buchenwald - фото 24
The Topf and Sons insignia, still visible today, on the ovens at Buchenwald.
© KAREN BARTLETT
The remains of the Gotha oak tree in the grounds of Buchenwald KAREN - фото 25
The remains of the ‘Gotha oak tree’ in the grounds of Buchenwald.
© KAREN BARTLETT
Wolfgang Nossen former president of the Jewish community in Thuringia and - фото 26
Wolfgang Nossen, former president of the Jewish community in Thuringia, and supporter of the Topf and Sons memorial site in Erfurt.
© KAREN BARTLETT
The former Topf and Sons administration building and now memorial site in - фото 27
The former Topf and Sons administration building, and now memorial site, in Erfurt.
© KAREN BARTLETT
A collection of ash canisters and fire bricks made by Topf and Sons for the SS - фото 28
A collection of ash canisters and fire bricks made by Topf and Sons for the SS, now on display at the Topf and Sons memorial in Erfurt.
COURTESY OF NIKOLA KUZMANIC
The drawing board and window on the third floor of the Topf and Sons - фото 29
The drawing board and window on the third floor of the Topf and Sons administration building where Kurt Prüfer worked.
© KAREN BARTLETT
The small wooden house where Ludwig Topf stayed the night before he committed - фото 30
The small wooden house where Ludwig Topf stayed the night before he committed suicide in the Topf family park.
© KAREN BARTLETT
Hartmut Topf in front of what was once Ludwig Topfs modernist villa KAREN - фото 31
Hartmut Topf in front of what was once Ludwig Topf’s modernist villa.
© KAREN BARTLETT

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