Wolfe Frank - Nuremberg's Voice of Doom - The Autobiography of the Chief Interpreter at History's Greatest Trials

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THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF THE CHIEF INTERPRETER AT HISTORY’S GREATEST TRIALS….
The memoirs of Wolfe Frank, which lay hidden in an attic for twenty-five years, are a unique and highly moving behind-the-scenes account of what happened at Nuremberg – ‘the greatest trial in history’ – seen through the eyes of a witness to the whole proceedings. They include important historical information never previously revealed. In an extraordinarily explicit life story, Frank includes his personal encounters, inside and outside the courtroom, with all the war criminals, particularly Hermann Goering. This, therefore, is a unique record that adds substantially to what is already publicly known about the trials and the defendants.
Involved in proceedings from day one, Frank translated the first piece of evidence, interpreted the judges’ opening statements, and concluded the trials by announcing the sentences to the defendants (and several hundred million radio listeners) – which earned him the soubriquet ‘Voice of Doom’.
Prior to the war, Frank, who was of Jewish descent, was a Bavarian playboy, an engineer, a resistance worker, a smuggler (of money and Jews out of Germany) and was declared to be ‘an enemy of the State to be shot on sight’. Having escaped to Britain, he was interned at the outbreak of war but successfully campaigned for his release and eventually allowed to enlist in the British Army – in which he rose to the rank of Captain. Unable to speak English prior to his arrival, by the time of the Nuremberg trials he was described as the ‘finest interpreter in the world’.
A unique character of extreme contrasts Frank was a playboy, a risk taker and an opportunist. Yet he was also a man of immense courage, charm, good manners, integrity and ability. He undertook the toughest assignment imaginable at Nuremberg to a level that was ‘satisfactory alike to the bench, the defence and the prosecution’ and he played a major role in materially shortening the ‘enormously difficult procedures’ by an estimated three years.

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I also take this opportunity to pay tribute to Sir Tim Berners-Lee and his colleagues for inventing the World Wide Web and for making the ‘Internet’ available to all free of charge – an act of monumental generosity that has benefitted mankind in general and every computer user in particular, especially historians and researchers at every level. Credit must also be given to the countless experts and amateur enthusiasts who so willingly share their knowledge via the information super-highway. Without this technology and the wealth of resources it has made available to us all, books such as Nuremberg’s Voice of Doom would have been more difficult to produce and would be far less substantial in content. Whilst there are far too many to name individually, and many anonymous sources who fall into this category – I am grateful to them all. I do however make special mention of Wikipedia and its contributors for the direct service provided and for the invaluable other reliable sources, links and references they gather together for the benefit of the millions of daily users of this wonderful innovation.

Finally, I apologize unreservedly for any names I have inadvertently omitted from these acknowledgements or for not giving proper credit in any instances where it has not been possible to verify authorship or ownership – if any such instances are found and brought to my attention I will ensure appropriate permissions are sought and that any future editions of this book are amended accordingly.

Paul Hooley.

Nurembergs Voice of Doom The Autobiography of the Chief Interpreter at Historys Greatest Trials - изображение 48

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Wolfe Frank manuscript and records

Cooper, R.W., The Nuremberg Trial (London 1947)

Gaiba, Francesca, The Origins of Simultaneous Interpretation (University of Ottawa Press, 1998)

Gomberg, Maxine (née Cooper and formerly Frank) various biographical notes

Goyert family records

Jackson, Sophie, Churchill’s Unexpected Guests (2010)

King, Henry T. Jr, The Nuremberg Context from the Eyes of the Participant (Military Law Review 1995)

Kipling, Rudyard, If

Lancashire At War.co.uk

Maxwell Fyfe, Sir David, Personal correspondence to Wolfe Frank

New York Herald Tribune (various editions 1945–6)

New Yorker, The (7 September 1946)

Oregonian, The (1970)

Francis, Patricia (née Leonard) various biographical notes

Persico, Joseph, Nuremberg: Infamy on Trial , (Viking-Penguin New York 1994)

Speer, Albert, Inside the Third Reich: Memoirs of Albert Speer . Translated by Richard and Clara Winston, (Macmillan 1970)

Steer, Alfred G., Interesting Times: Memoir of Service in U.S. Navy, 1941–47

Taylor, Telford, Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials, The (Alfred A. Knopf New York 1992) and Final report to the Secretary of the Army on the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials

Time Magazine – Germany; The Defendants (29 October 1945)

Tusa, Ann and John, The Nuremberg Trial (London, Macmillan, 1983) and The Nuremberg Trial (Skyhorse Publishing 2010)

U.S. Library of Congress, War Crimes Before The Nuremberg Military Tribunals – Volume IV (1949) and Military Law Review, Volume 149 (summer 1995)

Washington, DC: Government Printing Office

Watson, Patrick, Watson’s Really Big WWII Almanac – Volume 2 (Xlibris 2007)

Wikipedia and the further links and sources it includes

YouTube

PLATES

The New York Herald Tribune flyer announcing the Hangover After Hitler - фото 49
The New York Herald Tribune flyer announcing the ‘ Hangover After Hitler’ series of articles (see page 175)
WOLFE FRANK 19131988 At the Nuremberg Trials in 19456 Wolfe Frank right - фото 50
WOLFE FRANK 1913–1988 At the Nuremberg Trials in 1945/6
Wolfe Frank right and Judge Michael Musmanno centre interrogating - фото 51
Wolfe Frank (right) and Judge Michael Musmanno (centre) interrogating SS-Obergruppenfuehrer (General) Karl Wolff – most probably during the Einsatgruppen Trial. The hand written inscription on the photograph reads: ‘To Wolfe Frank – Ace Interpreter at Nuremberg International War Crimes Trials – and so far as I am concerned the whole world round. Most sincerely, M A Musmanno’.
Obergruppenfuehrer Karl Wolff was formerly Chief of Personal Staff Reichsfuehrer (Commander) and SS Liaison Officer to Hitler until sometime in 1943. At the end of World War II, he was the Supreme Commander of all SS forces in Italy and negotiated the surrender of all German forces in Italy, ending the war on that front in late April 1945. At Nuremberg, Wolff was allowed to escape prosecution by providing evidence against his fellow Nazis, and was then transferred (in January 1947) to the British prison facility in Minden. In this photograph it appears that Wolff’s SS officer collar insignia has been removed from the lapels of his uniform jacket. Interestingly however the shoulder insignia is still attached.
The Albert Frank later Frankonia factory at Beierfeld in c1898 Wolfe - фото 52
The Albert Frank, later Frankonia, factory at Beierfeld in c.1898.
Wolfe Franks parents and grandparents Wolfe Frank c 1915 A bust of Olly - фото 53
Wolfe Frank’s parents and grandparents
Wolfe Frank c 1915 A bust of Olly inset on Plate 6 is one of two carved - фото 54
Wolfe Frank c. 1915
A bust of Olly inset on Plate 6 is one of two carved into the fabric of the - фото 55
A bust of Olly (inset on Plate 6) is one of two carved into the fabric of the villa – the other bust is of her sister Maria who perished in Piaski concentration camp. Their mother Alice, Ferdinand’s first wife, was taken to Thieresenstadt concentration camp where she died of ‘A brain bleed and enteritis’. Olly however, in spite of being arrested, was never imprisoned. She survived the war and went on to live a long and happy life with her husband Richard Goyert, a well known mechanical engineer, and son Henry. She died in 1983 and although she lived in Germany all her life she travelled extensively as a most respected ambassador for UNICEF.
Wolfe Frank in c 1915 with his half sister Olly who was about eighteen years - фото 56
Wolfe Frank in c. 1915 with his half sister Olly who was about eighteen years old at the time. This photograph was most probably taken in the garden of Villa Frank (shown left – Plate 6) the family home that is thought to have been designed by the famous German architect Erich Mendelsohn. In honour of the family the road on which the villa is situated is now called Frankstrasse.
Typical trade advertisement showing part of the Albert Frank range of lamps - фото 57
Typical trade advertisement showing part of the Albert Frank range of lamps – which have now become sought-after antique items.
The press announcement of the companys floatation onto the Berlin Stock - фото 58

The press announcement of the company’s floatation onto the Berlin Stock Exchange in 1914. A later report indicated the company went into receivership in 1928. However in conversation (with his friend Mike Dilliway) Wolfe Frank indicated his father, in 1933, was concerned that whatever business he was then in was about to fall into the hands of the Nazis and that this was a contributing factor in his decision to take his own life.

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