Madeleine Albright - Fascism - A Warning

CHAPTER ONE: A DOCTRINE OF ANGER AND FEAR

“The Force which is born”: Mohandas K. Gandhi, quoted in Surendra Bhana and Bridglal Pachai, eds., A Documentary History of Indian South Africans (Cape Town: D. Philip, 1984), as quoted in “Gandhi Explains ‘Satyagraha,’” South African History Online, www.sahistory.org.za/archive/44-gandhi-explains-satyagraha.

“the end of the Cold War has been a victory”: George H. W. Bush, 1991 State of the Union Address to the 102nd U.S. Congress, Washington, D.C., January 29, 1991.

“Europe is attempting to create”: Václav Havel, Address to the Nation, Prague, Czechoslovakia, January 1, 1994.

“under assault and in retreat”: Freedom in the World 2018: Democracy in Crisis (Washington, DC: Freedom House, 2018), 1.

“the enemy of the American people”: Donald J. Trump, quoted in “Trump Calls the News Media the ‘Enemy of the American People,’” New York Times, February 17, 2017.

“laughingstock”: Trump, quoted in Ruth Marcus, “Our Criminal Justice System Is Not a ‘Joke,’ Yet,” Washington Post , November 3, 2017.

“Fascism was the major political innovation”: Robert O. Paxton, The Anatomy of Fascism (New York: Vintage, 2004), 3.

“every people has a right”: Woodrow Wilson, Address Delivered at the First Annual Assemblage of the League to Enforce Peace, May 27, 1916, American Presidency Project, www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=65391.

CHAPTER TWO: THE GREATEST SHOW ON EARTH

“genius of the modern age”: Thomas Edison, quoted in Richard Collier, Duce! A Biography of Benito Mussolini (New York: Viking, 1971), 93.

“superman”: Gandhi, quoted ibid., 93.

“struggle against the bestial appetites of Leninism”: Winston Churchill, quoted ibid., 93.

“to break the bones of the democrats”: Benito Mussolini, quoted in Paxton, Anatomy of Fascism , 17.

“Either we are allowed to govern”: Mussolini, quoted in Denis Mack Smith, Mussolini (London: Phoenix Press, 1981), 51.

attracted a mixed group: Description of marchers from Collier, Duce! , 25–26.

“I could have turned this drab grey hall”: Mussolini, quoted in Collier, Duce! , 66.

“I want to make a mark on my era”: Ibid.

“Never before… have the peoples thirsted”: Mussolini, “ La dottrina del fascismo ” (“The Doctrine of Fascism”), in Enciclopedia italiana di scienze, lettere ed arti (Rome: Treccani, 1932).

“Live dangerously”: Mussolini, quoted in Smith, Mussolini , 112.

“the greatest colonial war in all history”: Ibid., 201.

“raise up your banners”: Mussolini, quoted in Collier, Duce! , 130.

“when Signor Mussolini stepped out”: Herbert Matthews, “Mussolini Declares War Unnecessary; Present Problems Do Not ‘Justify It,’” New York Times , May 15, 1939.

IF I ADVANCE, FOLLOW ME: slogan on banner cited in Collier, Duce! , 91. The saying may have originated with French general Henri de La Rochejaquelein (1772–94).

“Only one person in Italy is infallible”: Mussolini, quoted in Smith, Mussolini , 180.

“Often, I would like to be wrong”: Mussolini, quoted ibid., 110.

CHAPTER THREE: “WE WANT TO BE BARBARIANS”

“That night at the Inn”: Patrick Leigh Fermor, A Time of Gifts (New York: New York Review Books, 1977), 77.

“I do not want your votes”: Adolf Hitler, quoted in Alan Bullock, Hitler: A Study in Tyranny (London: Penguin, 1990), 270.

“cantankerous, willful, arrogant”: Dr. Eduard Hüner, quoted ibid., 27.

“colossal untruths”: Hitler, quoted ibid., 70.

“of those who feel cheated”: Friedrich Nietzsche, quoted in Karl Dietrich Bracher, The German Dictatorship: The Origins, Structure and Effects of National Socialism (New York: Praeger, 1970), 63.

“We National Socialists”: Hitler: Mein Kampf , Volume Two, chapter VII, www.hitler.org/writings/mein_kampf/mkv2ch07.html.

“a man born to be a dictator”: Hitler, quoted in Bullock, Hitler , 117.

“policy of legality”: Hitler, quoted in Bracher , The German Dictatorship , 118.

“a legal revolution”: Hitler, quoted ibid., 48.

“The reactionary forces believe”: Hitler, quoted in Bullock, Hitler , 276.

“If I am to be killed”: Ernst Röhm, quoted in “Night of the Long Knives,” The Triumph of Hitler , The History Place, 2002, www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/triumph/tr-roehm.htm.

“Workers,… you must look”: Hitler, quoted in Bullock, Hitler , 632.

“We studied it as a Bible”: Martin Bormann Jr., quoted in Erna Paris, Long Shadows: Truth, Lies and History (New York: Bloomsbury, 2000), 55.

“Those who have met Herr Hitler”: Winston Churchill, Great Contemporaries (New York: W.W. Norton, 1990; first published 1937), 170.

“grow the German Reich of which great poets”: Hitler, quoted in Bullock, Hitler , 632.

CHAPTER FOUR: “CLOSE YOUR HEARTS TO PITY”

“stupid, barbarous, and unworthy”: Benito Mussolini, quoted in Collier, Duce! , 148.

“the great man south of the Alps”: Adolf Hitler, quoted in Robert M. Edsel, Saving Italy: The Race to Rescue a Nation’s Treasures from the Nazis (New York: W.W. Norton, 2013), 10.

“Hitler talks, talks, talks”: Count Galeazzo Ciano, quoted in Bullock, Hitler , 678.

“War is to a man”: Mussolini, address to Italian Chamber of Deputies, April 28, 1939.

“love total, pitiless war”: Mussolini, quoted in Peter Wyden, The Passionate War: The Narrative History of the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983), 446.

“close your hearts to pity”: Hitler, quoted in Bullock, Hitler , 526.

“Hitler always presents me with a fait accompli”: Mussolini, quoted in Collier, Duce! , 178.

“It is necessary to spread an atmosphere of terror”: General Emilio Mola, quoted in Wyden, Passionate War , 108.

“We three men”: Hitler, quoted in Bullock, Hitler , 609.

“the greatest mistake of his life”: Hitler, quoted ibid.

CHAPTER FIVE: VICTORY OF THE CAESARS

“The last century was the winter of the West”: Oswald Spengler , Decline of the West (New York: Knopf, 1922).

“an overwhelming arrogance”: Jennie Lee, quoted in John Simkin, “Oswald Mosley,” Spartacus Educational, http://spartacus-educational.com/PRmosley.htm.

“be they Hebrew or any other form”: William Joyce, quoted ibid.

“the people that descended, several millennia ago”: Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Aryan World-View (Henderson, NV: Patriot Press, 2002), 11.

“revival of the Aryan culture”: spokesman of the Hindu Party, March 25, 1939, quoted in Marzia Casolari, “Hindutva’s Foreign Tie-Up in the 1930s: Archival Evidence,” Economic and Political Weekly , January 22, 2000, 224, http://www.sacw.net/DC/CommunalismCollection/ArticlesArchive/casolari.pdf.

“Just as Christ wanted little children”: girl in a Nazi youth camp in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, quoted in Mark D. Van Ells, “Americans for Hitler—the Bund,” America in WWII , August 2007.

“Rosenfeld” and his “Jew Deal”: Fritz Kuhn, quoted ibid.

“The speakers started ranting”: Meyer Lansky, quoted in Michael Feldberg, “But They Were Good to Their People,” My Jewish Learning, www.myjewishlearning.com/article/but-they-were-good-to-their-people/2.