Matthew Brzezinski - Red Moon Rising

144 an unrealistic time frame: V. V. Favorskiy and I. V. Meshcheryakov, eds., Voyenno-Kosmicheskiye Sily: Kosmonavtika I Vooruzhennyye Sily , vol. 1 (Moscow: Sankt-Peterburgskoy Tipografia Nauka, 1997), p. 34.

“The Directorate of Missile Weapons”: Yuri Mozzhorin, Tak Eto Bilo (Moscow: Tsnimash, 2000), p. 71.

“development of an artificial satellite for photographing the earth’s surface”: Vetrov, ed., S. P. Korolev I Ego Delo , p. 232.

145 who had been the youngest member ever elected to the prestigious Academy of Sciences: Akademiya Nauk SSSR : Membership Directory, vol. 2 (Moscow: Nauka, 1974), p. 61.

Korolev’s greatest proponent was openly skeptical: Siddiqi, Sputnik and the Soviet Space Challenge , p. 154.

146 which, at Tyura-Tam, was just over 1,000 feet per second: Ivan V. Meshcheryakov, V Mire Kosmonovtiki (Novgorod: Russian Merchant Publishers, 1996), pp. 45-46.

147 “Why, Sergei Pavlovich?” and “Because it’s not round”: Golovanov, Korolev , p. 535.

The silver-zinc chargers alone weighed 122 pounds, providing power: Valentin Glushko, ed., Kosmonavtika Entsiklopediya (Moscow: Sovetskaya Entsiklopedia, 1985), pp. 290-91.

“Mindless malice”: Cadbury, Space Race , p. 159.

148 “Do you know when Russia will build the bomb?”: Halberstam, The Fifties , p. 25.

“German scientists in Russia did it”: David McCullough, Truman (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992), p. 748.

149 The mutineers had been dealt with: Taubman, Khrushchev , pp. 368-69.

“Nobody wanted to be accused of dragging their feet”: Gerchik, Proryv v Kosmos , p. 30.

150 the commission formally informed the Kremlin that PS-1 was scheduled for liftoff on October 6, 1957: Siddiqi, Sputnik and the Soviet Space Challenge , p. 165.

It was model number 8k71PS, sixteen feet shorter: Timofei Varfolomeev, “Soviet Rocketry Conquered Space,” part 1, Spaceflight Magazine (UK), August 1995, pp. 260-63.

151 “Silence fell whenever the Chief Designer appeared”: Harford, Korolev , p. 129.

which sat on a felt-covered cradle in a sealed-off “clean room”: Semenov, ed., Raketno Kosmicheskaya Korporatsiya Energiya , p. 90.

“Coats, gloves, it’s a must”: Cadbury, Space Race , p. 161.

Tikhonravov had pressurized the sphere with nitrogen: Glushko, ed., Kosmonavtika Entsiklopediya , pp. 290-91.

“I saw a crowd gathered around the satellite”: Mozzhorin, ed., Nachalo Kosmichiskoy Eri , p. 23.

152 “What does it mean?”: Galovanov, Korolev , pp. 537-38.

An overhead crane lifted the twenty-seven-ton empty shell: Semenov, ed., Raketno Kosmicheskaya Korporatsiya Energiya , p. 74.

153 “Well, shall we see off our first-born?”: Golovanov, Korolev , p. 538.

A grainy and undated Soviet video: Fifty Years of RKK Energya (Moscow: RKK Energya [videotape], 1996).

over the next hour and ten minutes, the rocket was raised: Hubert Curien, Baikonour (Paris: Arnaud Colin Editeur, 1994), p. 147.

over the 120-foot-deep, five-football-fields-wide: Igor Barmin, Na Zemle I V Kosmosy (Moscow: VP Barmin Design Bureau of General Machine Building, 2001), p. 80.

Marshal Nedelin, in particular, was unhappy with the Soviet arrangement: Ibid., p. 93.

154 “Technical banditry”: Golovanov, Korolev , p. 538.

“Let’s not make a fuss”: Ibid.

“OK, dear”: A. Polyektov, Kosmodrome Bajkonur; Nachale (Moscow: Veles, 1992), p. 86.

155 “Nobody will rush us”: Siddiqi, Sputnik and the Soviet Space Challenge , p. 165.

“T minus ten” and countdown instructions re-created from the following sources: Chekunov recollection in Gerchik, Proryv v Kosmos , pp. 68-73. Official timeline launch card reprinted in Natalia Koroleva, Otets , vol. 2, p. 309.

Also from Chertok, Raketi I Lyudi , vol. 2, pp. 197-98. And from Ishlinskiy, ed., Akademik S. P. Korolev , pp. 448-64.

158 At 116 seconds a fiery cross appeared: Novosti Kosmonavtiki , no. 7, August 1997, p. 9.

The engines had run out of fuel at 295.4 seconds: Ibid,

at 142 miles in altitude instead of 147 miles: Ibid.

“Separation Achieved”: Semenov, ed., Raketno Kosmicheskaya Korporatsiya Energiya , p. 89.159 “Quiet”: Golovanov, Korolev , p. 540.

“This is music no one has ever heard before”: Cadbury, Space Race , p. 164.

“Hold off on the celebrations”: Mozzhorin, ed., Nachalo Kosmichiskoy Eri , p. 64.

160 BEEP, BEEP, BEEP: Ibid.

161 a man so hated in Huntsville that some rocket scientists had once burned his effigy in Courthouse Square: Ward, Dr. Space , p. 98.

“We could not shed a single tear”: Medaris, Countdown for Decision , p. 152.

162 “Sour Kraut Hill”: Ward, Dr. Space , p. 78.

The jobs of five thousand skilled workers: Bergaust, Wernher von Braun , p. 218. bureaucratic guerrilla campaigns that were beginning to take their toll: Killian, Sputnik, Scientists, and Eisenhower , p. 127.

163 “timing his comings and goings so that Grandmother”: Harris, A New Command , p. 7.

over one hundred thousand dollars in his trading account: Ibid., p. 43.

“We must make it perfectly clear”: Bille and Lishoke, The First Space Race , p. 117.

soaring 662 miles high over a 3,335-mile arc: McDougall, The Heavens and the Earth , p. 130.

“In various languages”: Von Braun et al., Space Travel , p. 156.

164 At fifty-three, he was almost exactly: Neil McElroy’s biographical information can be found at http://www.nndb.com/people/102/000057928.

“Our whole organization was thoroughly fired up”: Medaris, Countdown for Decision , p. 154.

“two-star generals were serving drinks to three-star generals”: Ward, Dr. Space , p. 111.

165 the young officer rudely interrupted McElroy: Medaris, Countdown for Decision , p. 155.

“General Gavin was visibly shaken”: Ordway and Sharpe, The Rocket Team , p. 261.

“Damn bastards”: Stuhlinger and Ordway, Wernher von Braun , p. 131.

“Now look”: Ibid.166 “Von Braun started to talk as if”: Medaris, Countdown for Decision , p. 155.

“We knew they would do it”: Ibid.

“There was no chance”: Bille and Lishoke, The First Space Race , p. 118.

“For God’s sake, cut us loose”: Medaris, Countdown for Decision , p. 155.

167 “It was imprudent to admit we had retained those rockets”: Harris, A New Command , p. 155.

“It beeped derisively over our heads”: Medaris, Countdown for Decision , p. 156.

168 “Missile number 27 proved our capabilities”: Ibid.

“When you get back to Washington”: McDougall, The Heavens and the Earth , p. 131.

64 percent, according to a Gallup survey: Time , October 14, 1957.

169 “Dear Dick, I had been hoping to play golf this afternoon”: The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower , vol. 18 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), pt. 3, chap. 6, document 365.

“Sherman Adams was cold, blunt, abrasive”: Nixon, RN , p. 198.

“Golf in Newport was enjoyable”: The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower , vol. 18, pt. 3, chap. 6, document 366.

170 “an economy of abundance”: Halberstam, The Fifties , p. 587.

And tax revenues were coming in at a disappointing $72 billion: Eisenhower, Waging Peace , p. 213.