Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn - The GULag Archipelago Volume 1 - An Experiment in Literary Investigation

Short Course. Familiar title of the standard Stalinist version of the history of the Soviet Communist Party; used as the official text from 1938 until after Stalin’s death in 1953.

SMERSH. Acronym for Soviet counterintelligence during World War II; stands for “death to spies.”

Smolny. Former girls’ school; Communist Party headquarters in Leningrad.

Socialist Revolutionary Party. Created in 1890’s out of several populist groups; split at first congress held in Finland in December, 1905, into right wing, opposed to terrorism, and left wing, favoring terrorism; SR’s played key role in Provisional Government; left wing cooperated briefly with Bolsheviks after Revolution.

Solovetsky Islands (colloquially known as Solovki). Island group in White Sea, with monasteries; used as place of exile for rebellious priests in Middle Ages; early forced-labor camp (SLON) after 1917 Revolution.

Sovinformburo. Soviet information agency in World War II.

Sovnarkom. See Council of People’s Commissars.

Special Board (Russian acronym: OSO). Three-man boards of People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs, with powers to sentence “socially dangerous” persons without trial; abolished in 1953.

SR. See Socialist Revolutionary Party.

Stolypin car. A railroad car used to transport prisoners, named for P. A. Stolypin; also known in prison slang as vagonzak, for vagon zaklyuchennykh (prisoner car).

Supreme Council of the Economy. Highest industrial management agency in early years of Soviet regime; established in 1917; abolished 1932, when it was divided into industrial ministries.

Supreme Soviet. The national legislature of the Soviet Union, with counterparts in its constituent republics; meets usually twice a year to approve decisions taken by the Soviet leadership. Its lawmaking function is performed between sessions by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet; nominally the highest state body in the Soviet Union.

Time of Troubles. A period of hardship and confusion during the Polish and Swedish invasions of Russia in the early seventeenth century.

Union Bureau. See Mensheviks.

UPK. Code of Criminal Procedure. See Codes.

Verkhtrib. Russian acronym for Supreme Tribunal (1918-1922), which tried the most important cases in the early Soviet period.

Vikzhel. Railroad workers union, opposed Bolsheviks after 1917 Revolution; acronym stands for All-Russian Executive Committee of Railroad Workers Union.

VSNKh. See Supreme Council of the Economy.

VTsIK. Acronym for All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the highest state body of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, the largest Soviet state, from 1917 to 1937, when it was succeeded by the Presidium of the Republic’s Supreme Soviet. The national equivalent of VTsIK was TsIK, the Central Executive Committee of the U.S.S.R. (1922-1938), which became the Presidium of the national Supreme Soviet.

Workers Opposition. Bolshevik faction that sought greater trade-union control of industry and greater democracy within Party; its activities were condemned at Tenth Party Congress in 1921, and some leaders were later expelled from Party and arrested.

Zek. Prison slang for prisoner, derived from zaklyuchenny, Russian word for “prisoner.”

Zemstvo. Local government unit in prerevolutionary Russia.

Page numbers in boldface refer to the Glossary.

Abakumov, Viktor S., \\2n, 126, 145, 154, 157, 158-159, 297, 298, 520-21, 553, 554n, 621

Abrikosova, A. I., 37

Adamova (Adamova-Sliozberg) see Sliozberg Against Capital Punishment, 301

Agranov, Yakov S., 95n, 621 agriculture, 32, 33, 55-59 passim, 64,

67, 80, 420 subversion of, in Criminal Code,

64-65, 67 see also collectives; famine; Kady

case; kulaks; peasants Aikhenvald, Yuli I., 372, 621

Akhmatova (Gorenko), Anna A., 95n, 621

Alalykin, 445

Aldanov (Landau), Mark A., 220, 621

Aldan-Semyonov, Andrei I., 540n, 621

Aleksandrov, A. I., 126, 621

Aleksandrov, Vasily, 250n

Aleksei Mikhailovich, Tsar, 93, 242, 432

Alexander I, Tsar, 433

Alexander II, Tsar, 144-45 assassination attempts on, 132,

144, 287 Alexander III, Tsar, 134

Alliluyev family, 100, 621, 642

All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK), 307, 313, 321, 344, 352, 354, 365, 366-67, 436, 437, 438, 641

All-Russian Executive Committee of Railroad Workers Union (Vikzhel), 28, 641

“All-Union Bureau of the Mensheviks”: trial, 49, 399-407

Altai region, legend about, 270

Altshuller, 442

Amfiteatrov, Aleksandr V., 220, 621

amnesty: (1905), 190-91 (1912), 272 (1919), 358-59, 360 (1920s), 39 (1927), 271 (1937; expected but not received), 68

during World War II, 81 (1945), 78, 190n, 191n, 251, 273n, 27 Sn; rumors of, for political prisoners, 271, 272, 273, 274, 280, 608

Anarchists, 30, 36, 41, 191, 409, 460, 463, 474

Anders, Wladyslaw, 77, 621

Andersen, Erik Arvid, 521-22, 551-54

Andreyashin, 163

Andreyev, Leonid N., 44, 621

Andreyushkin, Pakhomi L, 134n, 621

Anichkov, Vasily L, 443

Anichkova, Yelizaveta Y., 443

Anti-Soviet Agitation (ASA: also KR A /Counter-Revolutionary Activity), 60, 75, 80-81, 83, 284

Antonov-Saratovsky, Vladimir P., 373w, 376, 399, 621-22

Ardamatsky, 367w, 370w

Arkadyev, Konstantin S., 452-53 army see military forces arrests, 3-16

in foreign countries, 9, 263-64, 266 quotas for, 11, 71, 272 searches, 5-6, 7

see also denunciation; informers; interrogations arrests, mass, 11-12, 14, 24-28, 37-60 (1918-22), 28-37, 39, 300, 302-03, 306-67 passim, 371-72, 434-35 (1929-35), 24, 25, 47-59, 437 (1936-38), 24, 25, 60, 68-76, 130, 247, 252n, 408-19, 438, 535-36, 579 (1939-41), 76-80 (1942-46), 24-25, 60, 61, 63, 77-86, 110, 142, 164, 221n, 237-51 passim, 255-56, 259-66 passim, 270-71, 441, 507, 566, 579, 602 (1947-48), 25, 86, 89-90 (1948-50), 60, 90-92, 250, 264, 566 see also nationalities and ethnic groups; religious persecution; individual groups ASA see Anti-Soviet Agitation

Aschenbrenner, Jupp, Win Austria: World War II, Soviet émigrés,

85, 566 Austrians (in U.S.S.R.;

Schutzbundlers), 58, 608, 640 Averbakh, I. L., xii, 622

Babayev, 29 In

Babich, Aleksandr, 146, 445

Babushkin, Ivan V., 6n, 622

Bakhtin, Mikhail M., 51, 622

Bakunin, Mikhail A., 132, 623

Baladin, 154

Bandera, Stepan (and “Banderovtsy”), 86, 91, 519, 622

Basmachi, 38, 637

Bazhenov, Boris, 370n

Bedny, Demyan, 488, 622

Bek, 346, 347, 348, 349

Belinsky, Vissarion G., 197, 622

Belov, Viktor A. (“Emperor Mikhail”), 228-34, 607-08

Belyayev, 557

Benes, Eduard, 260w

Benois, Aleksandr N., 262, 622

Berbenyev, 163

Berdyayev, Nikolai A., 37, 130, 262, 372, 622 Berg, 364-65

Beria, Lavrenti P., 76, 145, 157, 158, 159, 189, 291, 622

Beridze, 311

Berlin: blockade, 260w, 553

World War II, 235

Bernshtein, Ans, 10, 545, 588-89

Biche, 425

Biron (Biren; Count Ernst Johann Buhren), 93-94, 622

Black Hundreds, 312, 339, 637

Black Marias see prisoner transport, Black Marias

Blaginin, 115-16

blatnye/blatari see thieves

Blednov, Zhora, 9

Blok, Aleksandr A., 188, 622

Blucher, Vasily K., 230, 622

Blyumkin, Yakov G., 370n, 622

Bobrishchev-Pushkin, 350

Bogdan, Fyodor, 281

Boiko, 43

Boky, Gleb I., 281, 622

Bolsheviks, 34, 49w, 129, 130, 355, 359, 361, 402, 409, 410n, 434, 641

Bonch-Bruyevich, Vladimir D., 323, 622

Bondar, 116w

Bondarenko, Pavel, 244

Bondarin, Sergei A., 210, 622

Borodko, 138-39

Borshch, 265-66

Borushko, Pavel, Ivan, and Stepan, 74

Brest-Litovsk, peace treaty of, 343, 356