Larry Kahaner - AK-47

66 Regardless of the large troop numbers See Grau, “Soviet-Afghan Wars.”

67 Economically, the war’s drain on the faltering A. Z. Hilali, “Afghanistan: The Decline of Soviet Military Strategy and Political Status,” Journal of Slavic Military Studies 12, no. 1 (March 1999): 102.

68 Just prior to the Soviet withdrawal Henry Kamm, “Pakistani Arms Dealers Hail God and the AK-47,” New York Times , March 8, 1988.

68 A 1988 story in the Los Angeles Times Mark Fineman, “Ethnic Tensions Grip Hyderbad; Pakistanis Fear for Lives in Kalashnikov Culture,” Los Angeles Times , October 5, 1988.

68 In Peshawar itself, people reportedly could rent Mary Williams Walsh, “Guns and Gunmen Rule in Pakistan’s Wild West,” Wall Street Journal , June 30, 1987.

69 This economic and social reliance on AKs Ibid.

70 When the Albanian government fell Chris McNab, The AK47 (St. Paul, MN: MBI Publishing, 2001), 60.

70 Now, with the Soviets gone Jane’s Intelligence Review , August 1, 1997.

70 When the Soviets attacked Afghanistan For an excellent and concise summary of bin Laden’s rise, see Rooney, Guerrilla , 229-241.

73 In essays from al-Qaeda writers From English translations of al-Qaeda essays cited in Michael Scheure’s “Al-Qaeda’s Tactical Doctrine for the Long War,” Terrorism Focus , March 14, 2006. Scheuer also addressed al-Qaeda doctrine in his book Imperial Hubris: Why the West Is Losing ther War on Terror (Dulles, VA: Potomac Books, 2005).

76 “A few planeloads of arms” PBS, Frontline/World , “Gun Runners,” May 2002.

79 Instead of ignoring Taylor Howard Witt, “In Liberian Jungles, Teens Take Charge,” Chicago Tribune , July 15, 1990.

80 Taylor went further Tom Kamara, “Children Remain Useful,” The Perspective , January 24, 2001.

80 Taylor’s Small Boy Units Jamie Menutis, “No End to the Ugliness in Liberia,” Alternet , June 24, 2003.

81 In a perverted context “Up to 15,000 Child Soldiers in Liberia, UN Says,” IRIN News, September 24, 2003. IRIN is the Integrated Regional Information Networks, part of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.

81 The Small Boy Units were often looked Howard Witt, “In Liberian Jungles, Teens Take Charge,” Chicago Tribune , July 15, 1990.

81 Nobody knows how Taylor got the idea Michael Klare, “The Kalashnikov Age,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists , January 1999.

81 During the capital’s siege “Liberia’s Killing Goes On,” Economist , September 15, 1990.

82 Some international observers, including former U.S. president Jimmy Carter Fadiru B. Koroma, “War in Liberia Threatens to Destablise Region,” Worldpress.org, August 14, 2002.

82 With the elections drawing world attention P. W. Singer, Children at War (New York Pantheon, 2005), 56.

84 Despite a UN embargo Ken Silverstein, “Comrades in Arms,” Washington Monthly , January 1, 2002.

85 To maintain control of these diamond mines Holly Burkhalter, Physicians for Human Rights, testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade, September 13, 2000.

85 Taylor repeatedly denied any involvement Tamam Ahmed Jama, “Soaked in Blood,” Al-Ahram Weekly , January 23, 2003.

86 As the years progressed, Taylor found Alex Vines, Hunting the Illegal Arms Traffickers , report to Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers, December 6, 2003.

86 One of the problems encountered by officials Paul Salopek, “Disarming Sierra Leone,” Chicago Tribune , December 23, 2001.

87 The shame of blood diamonds “A Region in Flames: West Africa Wars,” Economist , July 5, 2003.

87 One incident, not publicized at the time Kim Sengupta, “British SAS Overpower West Side Boys with Military Precision,” Hamilton (ON) Spectator , September 11, 2000. An entire book detailing the incident is William Fowler, Operation Barras : The SAS Rescue Mission, Sierra Leone 2000 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 2004).

88 Although many countries employed child soldiers “Children of the Gun,” Children in Crisis Report, Save the Children, September 2000. Also see Singer, Children at War , 15.

89 Court testimony has stunned the world Clarence Roy-Macaulay, “Sierra Leoneans Testify on Rebel Abuse,” Associated Press, July 21, 2004.

90 Reports from the war crimes court showed Terrorist Responses to Improved US Financial Defenses , testimony by Douglas Farah before the House Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Financial Services, February 16, 2005. Farah is also author of an in-depth investigation into blood diamonds and their use by terrorist groups such as al-Qaeda. He makes a convincing case that the September 11, 2001, attacks were funded in part by illegal trading in these and other precious gems. See Douglas Farah, Blood from Stones: The Secret Financial Network of Terror ; (New York: Broadway Books, 2004). See also “9/11 Funds Traced to Taylor,” Africa News , July 22, 2004.

93 In Somalia, as in many areas of the world “Somali President a ‘Man of Peace,’” BBC News World Edition (online), October 14, 2004.

94 Kalashnikovs poured into Rwanda Stephen D. Goose and Frank Smyth, “Arming Genocide in Rwanda,” Foreign Affairs , September/October 1994.

95 Most news accounts emphasized Jeffrey Boutwell and Michael T. Klare, “A Scourge of Small Arms,” Scientific American , June 2000.

95 In mid-July, RPF forces Carter Dougherty, “Rwanda Marks Genocide Anniversary,” Boston Globe , April 8, 2004. See Linda Melvern, A People Betrayed: The Role of the West in Rwanda’s Genocide (London: Zed Books; 2000), for a description of Boutros-Ghali’s role.

96 There was little public mention Richard D. Hooker, By Their Deeds Alone (New York: Ballantine, 2003).

97 Rwanda and other countries in Africa Shapi Shacinda, “Tides of Guns Leaves Africa Awash with Misery,” Reuters, November 14, 2004.

98 The AK changed cultural patterns Anthropologists and other researchers have studied the effect of AKs on pastoral people. For one case study, see Mustafa Mirzeler and Crawford Young, “Pastoral Politics in the Northeast Periphery in Uganda: AK-47 as Change Agent,” Journal of Modern African Studies 38, no. 3 (2000).

99 One report had the Mozambican government Small Arms Survey 2001 (Geneva: Graduate Institute of International Studies, Oxford University Press, 2002); 64.

100 Even if the AK image is deleted Tom Bowman, “The Father of Terrorism: Kalashnikov Is a Trademark for Revolution,” Daily Telegraph (Sydney), March 9, 2002.

106 These civil wars, fueled by AKs The testimony of Adolfo A. Franco, Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Latin America and Caribbean, U.S. Agency for International Development, Committee on House International Relations Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, April 20, 2005, offers insights into the Latin American crime problem.

109 The Israelis had built the Galil Chuck Taylor, “Galil: The World’s Best Assault Rifle,” Guns , August 1994.