David Miller - The Cold War - A Military History

Oahu, Hawaii, 76n

Ostpolitik (policy), 28

Palestine: under British mandate, 16–17; see also Israel

Papadopoulos, Colonel Georgios, 37

paratroop units see airborne troops

Partial Test Ban Treaty (1963), 81

Pavlovsky, General I. G., 39

Peacekeeper (MX) missile, 98, 105, 108, 115

Pershing missile, 30, 42–4, 94

Pétain, Marshal Henri Philippe, 33

Petkov, Nikola, 6

Poland: ethnic Germans in, 6; Communist government in, 7; 1970 German Treaty, 28; Solidarity trade-union movement, 29; in Warsaw Pact, 55; naval shipbuilding, 56, 182–3, 226; riots (1956), 57–8, 62, 67; crisis of 1980–1, 62–4; navy, 181–3; amphibious capability, 226; Warsaw Pact forces in, 252–3; military forces, 253–4; airborne troops, 256; armoured personnel carriers, 279; air force and aircraft, 308, 315–16; and Warsaw Pact attack plan, 361–2

Polaris submarine missile system, 111–12, 114–16, 139–41, 200, 206, 364

Portugal: and membership of NATO, 21; 1974 coup, 37; navy, 171; submarines, 195; amphibious forces, 227; airborne troops, 242

Poseidon submarine missile system, 112, 114, 141, 158

Potsdam Conference (1945), 3, 6

Poznán, Poland, 57–8, 62, 67

‘Prague Spring’ (1968), 59

pre-emptive attacks (nuclear), 78–9

Project E, 137–8, 140

Queuille, Henri, 21

Quick Reaction Alert (QRA; bomber aircraft), 133

Raborn, Rear-Admiral William, 111, 113

radiation see residual nuclear radiation; thermal radiation

Rákosi, Mátyás, 57–8

Ramadier, Paul, 21

Ramstein, Germany, 51, 297, 335

ranks (military), 401

re-entry vehicles (RVs), 92–3

Reagan, Ronald: presidency (1981), 30; and deterrence, 84; and B-1B bomber, 127; and battleships, 218; strengthens Marine Corps, 224; and resort to war, 386

refugees (‘displaced persons’), 5–6, 9, 246

Regulus cruise-missile, 111, 113, 191

residual nuclear radiation (fallout), 75–6, 80–1

Resolution (UK submarine), 140–1

Reykjavik: Reagan-Gorbachev meeting (1986), 30

Rheindahlen, Germany, 238

Rickover, Admiral Hyman, 165 & n, 185

Rigel missile, 111

Robb, Air Chief Marshal Sir James, 12, 392

Rokossovsky, Marshal Konstantin, 54, 62

Roman Catholic Church: supports nuclear deterrence, 36; anti-Communism in eastern Europe, 67

Romania: as Soviet satellite, 4; Communist government in, 7–8, 65; 1946–7 peace settlement, 9; troop levels, 31; in Warsaw Pact, 55, 66; breach with USSR, 65–6; in World War II, 65; military resources, 66; 1989 collapse, 67; navy, 181, 183; airborne troops, 256

Rome: NATO Defence College, 35

Royal Air Force (Germany) (UK), 299–300

Royal Observer Corps (UK), 152 & n

Rozhdestvensky, Admiral Zinovy P., 175

Rügen island (Baltic), 63, 64n

Rusk, Dean, 65

Russo-Japanese War (1904–5), 175n

San Juan (US submarine), 186

Sarajevo: 1914 assassination, 326

satellites: and NATO communications, 52; and navigation systems, 112; monitoring of enemy movements, 123

Sazan naval base, Albania, 65, 181

Scandinavia: and potential Soviet threat, 13

Schlieffen Plan, 326

Schmidt, Helmut, 42

Scorpion (US submarine), 186

Seawolf (US submarine), 185

self-propelled guns, 282–5

silos, 103–6

Single Integrated Operation Plan (SIOP), 364–6

single-shot kill probability (SSKP), 158–9

Sirte, Gulf of (Libya), 210

Six-Day War (1967), 178

Snark pilotless bomber, 95

Sokolovskiy, Marshal V. D., 85, 206, 255, 320, 331, 347

Soviet Military Power : first issued (1981), 29

Soviet Naval Infantry, 226–7

Soviet navy: submarine missile systems and strategy, 117–23, 158, 178, 206–7, 213, 411–12; submarine types and classes, 117, 119–21, 206, 409–10; development and strength, 164, 166, 174–7, 213, 425; activities and exercises, 177–81; battleships, 177, 217; nuclear submarines, 187–8, 429; diesel-electric submarines, 191–3, 430; aircraft carriers, 196, 204–5; anti-carrier warfare, 206–7; surface warships, 212–13; amphibious landings, 223; manning, 324

Soviet Union: bomber-aircraft threat, 3–7, 303; post-war disagreements with Allies, 3; post-war power and position, 4–6; territorial defence and satellites, 4, 6; ethnic transportations, 5; and administration of Berlin, 9, 328–33, 336, 339–41; Berlin blockade, 9, 332–3, 338; controls eastern Europe, 9, 13; and Brussels Treaty, 12; expansionist policy, 17–18; forms and dominates Warsaw Pact, 26, 54–6; invades Hungary (1956), 26, 37, 57–9; shoots down US spy plane, 26; 1970 German Treaty, 28; claims right of intervention in eastern Europe, 28; invades Afghanistan, 29; attack strategy, 30, 361; troop reductions (1989), 31; withdraws from Afghanistan, 31; forces deployed in Czechoslovakia (1968), 38, 40; deploys SS-20 missiles, 40–3; as nuclear power, 47; troops in Warsaw Pact countries, 55–6; withholds nuclear weapons from Warsaw Pact allies, 57; and Polish unrest (1980–1), 62–4; troops withdraw from Czechoslovakia and Hungary (1990), 67; western republics declare independence from (1990–1), 67; nuclear testing, 80–1, 405; nuclear strategy, 85–90, 366, 386; World War II casualties, 86, 373; nuclear targets in, 91, 364–5, 441–2; ICBM development, 98–102; strategic missiles, 98–102, 422–4; strategic bombers, 127–30, 414; targeted by China, 147; civil defence, 149–51; deployment of forces in Europe, 250–6; airborne troops, 254–6; battle tanks, 258–9, 262–5, 268, 272–4, 435–6; infantry carriers, 278–9; field artillery, 283–6, 437; air-defence missiles and guns, 288–91; aircraft development, 312–16; air force, 314–15; mobilization plans, 324; battlefield nuclear weapons, 353, 355, 440; in US nuclear strategy, 363–4, 441–2; effects of nuclear attacks on, 370–5; procurement and financing, 381–2; land-based missiles, 407–8; sea-launched ballistic missiles, 409–10; nuclear submarine accidents, 426–8; see also Warsaw Pact

Spain: membership of NATO, 22, 29–30, 243; and NATO command structure, 50; navy, 171, 198n; submarines, 195; marines, 227; airborne troops, 242; tanks, 270n

Spanish Civil War (1936–9), 81n

Spínola, General Antonio, 37

SS missiles (USSR), 30, 40–4, 98–102, 105–6, 108, 117, 145–6, 207, 353, 366, 384

SS-N missiles (USSR), 116n, 117–22, 158, 178, 206–7, 213

SSBNs see submarines: ballistic, nuclear

Stalin, Josef V.: 1946 Five-Year Plan, 4; defence obsession, 6; and Yugoslavia, 8; and Finnish treaty, 17; and US threat, 54; split with Tito, 64; builds up fleet, 217

stand-off missiles, 130–2

Strategic Air Command (USA), 125–6, 132–4, 139

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT): Round I, 28, 112; Round II, 28, 41–2; and Soviet missiles, 100, 102; and strategic bombers, 129

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI; ‘Star Wars’), 30

submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs): launching, 88–9, 113–17, 158; German, 110, 169; US, 110–17, 409–11; Soviet, 117–23, 158, 178, 206–7, 213, 411–12; British, 140–1, 418; French, 143–4, 418; Chinese, 147, 418; reliability, 158; and nuclear balance, 159–60; in anti-carrier warfare, 206–7

submarines: ballistic, nuclear (SSBNs), 88–9, 91, 93, 110, 123; in nuclear strikes, 88; German (U-boats), 110, 164, 169, 184, 190, 192–4; US types and classes, 110–15, 409–10; diesel-electric, 117, 119, 190–5, 211, 430; Soviet types and classes, 117, 119–21, 206, 409–10; miniature (X-craft), 121n, 194; British, 140–1, 418; availability, 156–7; Soviet strength, 164–5, 211, 429–30; countermeasures against, 165, 191, 210–12; nuclear-powered, 165, 184–9; Romanian, 183; accidents (nuclear), 426–8; see also submarine-launched ballistic missiles