Анатолий Уткин - Мировая холодная война

1. MEMORANDUM FOR GENERAL NORSTAD. 20 September 1945. US National Security Archives. Nuclear History. Box 8.

2. JCS 1518/2. October 10, 1945. US National Archives. R.G. 218. CCS 381 (5-13-45) (Sect. 2).

3. America's Plans for War Against the Soviet Union, 1945-1950. A 15-volume set reproducing in facsimile 98 plans and studies created by the Joint Chiefs of Staff /Ed. by Steven T. Ross and David Alan Rosenberg. — Vol. 1. The Strategic Environment. — Garland Publishing, Inc. New York and London, 1990. — J.I.S. 23 October 1945. Russian Capabilities. P. 1-2.

4. Ibidem. J.I.C. 329/1. 3 December 1945. Strategic vulnerability of the U.S.S.R. to a limited air attack. P. 2.

5. Ibid., p. 12-14.

6. America's Plans for War… J.I.S. 80/7. Russians Capabilities. P. 2.

7. Ibid., p. 191-192.

8. America's Plans for War Against the Soviet Union… Vol. 11. The Limits of Nuclear Strategy. J.C.S. 1953/1. P. 280, 282.

9. Final Report on War Game «Padrone». US National Archives. RG 218. (U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff). Geographic File. Security Classified 1948-1950. 381 USSR (3-2-46). B.P. Pt. 1.

10. Final Report on War Game «Stunner». US National Archives. RG 218 (U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff). Geographic File. Security Classified 1948-1950. 381 USSR (3-2-46). B.P. Pt. 1. Pp.

8-11.

11. См. Betts R. Nuclear Blackmail and Nuclear Balance. — Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1987. — P. 24.

12. US National Archives. RG 218 (US Joint Chiefs of Staff). Geographic File 1948-1950. 381 United States (5-23-46). Section 5. J.I.C. 380/2. February 16, 1948. Estimate of the Intentions

and Capabilities of the USSR Against the Continental United States and the Approaches thereto, 1948-1957. P. 36.

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Records from the Office of the Ambassador, 1943-50. Box 1.

14. См. Matthew A. Evangelista. Stalin's Postwar Army Reapprised. //International Security, Winter 1982/1983 (Vol. 7, No 3), p. 115; Karber P. ad Combs J. The United States, NATO, and

the Soviet Threat to Werstern Europe: Military Estimates and Policy Options, 1945-1963. //Diplomatic History, Summer 1998 (Vol. 22, No. 3), p. 404-408.

15. America's Plans for War Against the Soviet Union, 1945-1950… Vol. 5. The Limits of American Power. J.S.P.G. 496/1. 8 November 1947. «Broiler». Pp. 8-12, 44, 48, 114-117.

16. J.S.P.G. 500/2. 8 March 1948. «Bushwacker». U.S. National Archives. R.G. 218 (Joint Chiefs of Staff). Geographic File. Security Classified 1948-1950. 381. U.S.S.R. (3-2-46). Sec. 11. P. 275.

17. U.S. National Security Archives. R.G. 273. NSC 20/1. August 18, 1948. P. 50.

18. Ibid., p. 51.

19. J.I.S. 382/5. June 25, 1948. US National Archives. RG 218. Geographic File 1948-1950. 381 U.S. (5-23-46). Sec. 7.

20. The Evaluation of the Atomic Bomb as a Military Weapon. National Security Archives. Nuclear History. Box 8.

21. NSC 30. A Report to the National Security Council by the Executive Secretary on United States Policy on Atomic Warfare. September 10, 1948. P. 5. National Security Archives. Nuclear

History Box 8. 1948.

22. The Absolute Weapon: Atomic Power and World Order. //Ed. by Bernard Brodie. — New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1946. — P. 88.

23. Ibid., p. 87.

24. America's Plans for War Against the Soviet Union, 1945-1950… Vol. 11. The Limits of Nuclear Strategy… J.C.S. 2081/1. 21 February 1950. Pp. 6-7, 11.

25. См. America's Plans for War Against the Soviet Union, 1945-1950… Vol. 5. The Limits of American Power. J.S.P.G. 496/1. 8 November 1947. «Broiler». P. 10-11; Containment:

Documents on American Policy and Strategy, 1945-1950. — New York: Columbia University Press, 1978. — P. 323.

26. Containment… p. 332-333.

27. Poole W. The Joint Chiefs of Staff and National Policy. Vol. IV. 1950-1952. — Washington: Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1998. — P. 83-86.

28. Lashmar P. Spy Flights of the Cold War. — Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1996. — P. 1-2.

29. См. Trachtenberg M. A «Wasting Asset». American Strategy and the Shifting Nuclear Balance, 1949-1954. //International Security. — Winter 1988/89 (Vol. 13, N. 3).

30. Condit K. History of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Vol. VI. The Joint Chiefs of Staff and National Policy 1955-1956. — Washington, D.C.: Historical Division, Joint Chiefs of Staff,

1992. — P. 5-11.

31. Hoopes T. The Devil and John Foster Dulles. — Boston, Little, Brown, and Co, 1973. — P. 197-199; Rosenberg D. The Origins of Overkill. Nuclear Weapons and American Strategy, 1945-1960. //International Security. — Spring 1983 (Vol. 7, N. 4) — P. 27-41; Wells S. The Origins of Massive Retaliation. //Political Science Quarterly. — Spring 1981 (Vol. 96, N. 1). — P. 31-52.

32. Действительно, в 1953-1957 гг. общая численность вооруженных сил США сократилась с 3 млн. 600 тыс. до 2 млн. 800 тыс., а военные расходы — с 42 до 34,7 млрд. долл. Таким образом, администрации Эйзенхауэра удалось добиться хотя бы одной из целей стратегии «массированного возмездия», а именно сокращения военного бремени, лежавшего на американской экономике (см. Hoopes T. Op. cit., p. 193; Condith K. History of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Vol. VI. The Joint Chiefs of Staff and National Policy 1955-1956. — Washington, D.C.: Historical Division, Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1992. — P. 54).

33. Трофименко Г.А. Эволюция военно-политической стратегии США. /Современная внешняя политика США. В двух томах. Том первый. — М.: Наука, 1984. — С. 300.

34. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1955-1957. Vol. XIX. National Security Policy. — Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1990.

35. Чуев Ф. Сто сорок бесед с Молотовым. — М.: ТЕРРА, 1991. — с. 38-39.

36. А. Феклисов. Подвиг Клауса Фукса. //Военно-исторический журнал. — N. 12, 1990. — С. 26.

37. Alperovitz G. Atomic Diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam: The Use of the Atomic Bomb and the American Confrontation with Soviet Power. — New York: Simon and Schuster, 1965. — P. 227-231.

38. А. Антонов-Овсеенко. Атомный король. //Смена. N. 3. Март 1993. — С. 51.

39. Так мы делали бомбу. //Литературная газета. N. 23. 6.6.90. — С. 13.

40. «Известия» 24 сентября 1946 г.

41. Диалог Сталина с Мао Цзэдуном. Иван Владимирович Ковалев, личный представитель И.В. Сталина при Мао Цзэдуне отвечает на вопросы историка-китаеведа С.Н. Гончарова. //Проблемы Дальнего Востока. — N. 6, 1991. — С. 87-88.

42. Цит. по: Ледовский А.М. Стенограммы переговоров И.В. Сталина с Чжоу Эньлаем в августе — сентябре 1952 г. //Новая и новейшая история. — N. 2, 1997. — С. 75.

43. Галактионов М. Рост милитаризма в Соединенных Штатах. //Новое время. — # 21, 1 ноября 1946 г. — С. 6.