Брайан Китинг - Гонка за Нобелем. История о космологии, амбициях и высшей научной награде

18. Michael Linden, «Budget Cuts Set Funding Path to Historic Lows», Center for American Progress, January 29, 2013, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/reports/2013/01/29/50945/budget-cuts-set-funding-path-to-historic-lows/.

19. «NSF- funded LIGO pioneers named 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics laureates», National Science Foundation press release, October 3, 2017, https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=243280; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, «Honors and Awards: DOE Nobel Laureates»; «NIST and the Nobel: NIST Nobel Winners», National Institute of Standards and Technology, https://www.nist.gov/nist-and-nobel; and «Nobel Laureates», The NIH Almanac , National Institutes of Health, https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/nih-almanac/nobel-laureates.

20. Ronald J. Daniels, «A generation at risk: Young investigators and the future of the biomedical workforce», Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 2 (2014), www.pnas.org/content/112/2/313.full.

21. Kevin Boudreau, Eva Catharina Guinan, Karim R. Lakhani, and Christoph Riedl, «The Novelty Paradox & Bias for Normal Science: Evidence from Randomized Medical Grant Proposal Evaluations», Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13–053, December 2012, https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/10001229.

22. David Callahan, «Inside the Simons Foundation: Big Philanthropy on the Frontiers of Science», Inside Philanthropy, May 17, 2016, http://www.insidephilanthropy.com/home/2016/5/17/inside-the-simons-foundation-big-philanthropy-on-the-frontie.html.

23. «Research Institutions Received Over $2.3 Billion in Private Funding for Basic Science in 2016», Science Philanthropy Alliance press release, February 13, 2017, http://www.sciencephilanthropyalliance.org/whatwe-do/news/2–3-billion-in-private-funding-for-basic-science-in-2016/.

24. William J. Broad, «Billionaires with Big Ideas Are Privatizing American Science», New York Times , March 15, 2014, https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/16/science/billionaires-with-big-ideas-are-privatizing-american-science.html?_r=0.

25. Там же.

26. Lawrence M. Krauss, «Do the New, Big- Money Science Prizes Work?» The New Yorker , February 3, 2016, http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/do-the-new-big-money-science-prizes-work.

27. «The birth of the web», CERN, https://home.cern/topics/birth-web.

28. Jonah Kanner and Alan Weinstein, «The Astrophysicists Who Faked It», Nautilus , November 3, 2016, http://nautil.us/issue/42/fakes/the-cosmologists-who-faked-it.

29. Shahram Heshmat, «What Is Confirmation Bias?» Psychology Today , April 23, 2015, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/science-choice/201504/what-is-confirmation-bias.

1. G. Efstathiou and S. Gratton, «B- mode detection with an extended planck mission», Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2009 (June 2009), http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1475–7516/2009/06/011.

2. J. Weber, «Evidence for Discovery of Gravitational Radiation», Physical Review Letters 22 (1969): 1320, https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.22.1320.

3. Janna Levin, Black Hole Blues and Other Songs from Outer Space (New York: Knopf, 2016).

4. «OPERA experiment reports anomaly in flight time of neutrinos from CERN to Gran Sasso», CERN press release, September 23, 2011, updated June 8, 2012, https://press.cern/press-releases/2011/09/operaexperiment-reports-anomaly-flight-time-neutrinos-cern-gran-sasso. См. также: OPERA collaboration, «Measurement of the neutrino velocity with the OPERA detector in the CNGS beam», Journal of High Energy Physics 2012:93, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FJHEP10%282012%29093.

5. Eugenie Samuel Reich, «Embattled neutrino project leaders step down», Nature News, April 2, 2012, https://www.nature.com/news/embattled-neutrino-project-leaders-step-down-1.10371.

6. Govert Schilling, Ripples in Spacetime: Einstein, Gravitational Waves, and the Future of Astronomy (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2017). [Шиллинг Г. Складки на ткани пространства-времени: Эйнштейн, гравитационные волны и будущее астрономии . — М.: Альпина нон-фикшн, 2019.]

7. В оригинальной статье о результатах BICEP2 (P. A. R. Ade et al., «BICEP2 I: Detection of B -mode Polarization at Degree Angular Scales», March 17, 2014, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1403.3985v1.pdf) содержалась ссылка на слайды в PowerPoint, использованные Ж.-Ф. Бернаром (https://www.cosmos.esa.int: documents:387566:428323:47ESLAB_April_04_11_25_Bernard.pdf/) на 47-й конференции ESLAB: «Вселенная глазами Планка», 2013 г. (см. сайт Европейского космического агентства: https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/planck/47-eslab).

8. Schilling, Ripples in Spacetime .

9. Ron Cowen, «How astronomers saw gravitational waves from the Big Bang», Nature News, March 17, 2014, http://www.nature.com/news /how-astronomers-saw-gravitational-waves-from-the-big-bang-1.14885.

10. Penzias and Wilson, «A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s», http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1965ApJ…142..419P.

11. См. раздел «FAQs» на официальном сайте, посвященном экспериментам по исследованию CMBCMB BICEP и Keck Array; http://bicepkeck.org.

12. Keating et al., «BICEP», http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003SPIE.4843..284K.

13. Diana Steele, «On the Coverage of BICEP2», ScienceWriters , July 23, 2015, https://www.nasw.org/article/sciencewriters-coverage-bicep2.

14. Lisa Grossman, «First glimpse of big bang ripples from the universe’s birth», New Scientist , March 17, 2014, https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn25235-first-glimpse-of-big-bang-ripples-from-universesbirth/.

15. Max Tegmark, «Good Morning, Inflation! Hello, Multiverse!», Huffpost , March 17, 2014, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/max-tegmark/good-morning-inflation-he_b_4976707.html.

16. См. пресс-релиз Национального научного фонда: «NSF-funded researchers say Antarctic telescope may have provided the first direct evidence of cosmic inflation and the origins of the universe», March 17, 2014, https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=130760.

17. См. видеоролик «Стэнфордский профессор Андрей Линде празднует прорывное открытие в физике» на YouTube, 17 марта 2014 г.; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlfIVEy_YOA.

18. Dennis Overbye, «Space Ripples Reveal Big Bang’s Smoking Gun», New York Times , March 17, 2014, https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/18/science/space/detection-of-waves-in-space-buttresses-landmarktheory-of-big-bang.html?hp&_r=0.

19. Lawrence M. Krauss, «A Scientific Breakthrough Lets Us See to the Beginning of Time», The New Yorker , March 17, 2014, http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/a-scientific-breakthrough-lets-us-see-tothe-beginning-of-time.