Bertrand Russell: Why Men Fight

community of 17;

compatriots and foreigners 20;

and nationalism 15;

peace-loving 56;

and tribal feeling 30;

unity of 65–66

native disposition 21

Navy 25, 29, 63

needs 3, 12, 23, 70, 125

neutrality, mutual 27

neutrals, powers of 48

No-Conscription Fellowship xiv

Nonconformism 111

Norway, separation from Sweden 36

obedience:

demanded by education 99, 100, 102;

demanded by State 27–28, 30

Ogden, C. K. xii, xiv

opponents of war 9

opportunity 85

oppression 13, 16, 64, 130

organization 7, 42

Oriental despots 13, 28

pacifism 2, 9, 56, 58, 60

pain, and restraint of impulses 5

Parliament 46, 112, 150

passions 3, 9, 30, 55, 146;

pride and fear 36–37

passive acceptance, in education 104–5, 107

patriotism:

and control 141–42;

defects, when merely instinctive 143;

and instinctive liking 20;

religious element in 32, 33;

and State 44;

see also nationalism

peace 52, 53, 56, 58

Pembroke Lodge x

Philip II 61

Plato 57

pleasure, pursuit of 139, 157

police 25, 47

political institutions 12, 19, 85

politics 131, 147

population question 114–21;

eugenics 120;

limitation of families, among intelligent 116–18;

social class distributions 115;

see also marriage

possession 76, 153

power:

abuse of 13–14;

of education 92;

of landowner 79;

of State see State power;

in war 36

pride 32, 36–37;

national 33, 50–51

priesthood 131

Prime Ministers 37

Principles of Social Reconstruction ix, x–xi, xvi

private judgement, right of 14

private ownership 41, 42

production 84, 86;

belief in importance of 75–77

professional classes 115

prohibitions, outward 151

property 69–90;

disbelief in 30;

fruits of own labour, right to 78;

legal rights to 77;

possessiveness of 153;

and religion 130;

and syndicalism 24

Protestantism 129

prudence 71

The Psychology of Insanity (Hart) xi

public opinion:

and adultery 111–12;

hostility of 9–10;

and industrial action 38;

and liberty 43;

State, manipulation by 28–29;

on wealth 59

public schools 72, 97

punishment 22, 27;

of conscientious objectors 26n

Puritanism 152

Radicalism x

railways 41

rationality/reason 3, 8, 55;

acting on reason 4–5

reconstruction xi, xiii, 23

reform 152, 158–59

Reformation 128, 129

religion 13, 14–15, 68, 128–45;

Catholic see Catholic religion;

changes required in 132–33;

dogmatic, decay of 128–29;

of Germany 73–74;

and marriage 124;

of material goods 70;

origins 133;

and patriotism 32, 33;

personal and social aspects 129;

teaching of 95, 97;

traditional 132

religious institutions 13

religious toleration 147

“Remarks at the Peace Banquet” x

Renaissance 14, 128

rent 79

resistance to aggression, impulse of 8

responsibility for war 52, 53

Restoration 147

reverence 93–94, 135, 149

Roberts, Richard Charles 28n

Rolland, Romain xvi–xvii

Roman Empire 35, 58, 60, 117

romantic movement 124, 142

Rousseau, J.-J. 147

Russian Revolution (1917) xiii

sacrifice, impulses towards 33

sanitation 40, 41

science/scientific research 41, 58;

men of science 137–38

security 54, 85

self-destruction, impulse to 2

self-discipline 101, 102

self-knowledge 150

serfs 79

sex relations, seriousness in 125–26

sexual intercourse 137

Shelley, P. B. 147

sin 111

social class 109;

and worship of money 71, 72

social class mobility 115

social institutions 11

socialism 23, 24, 30;

aims of 75;

early socialists 78;

and individualism 25;

and justice 81;

Marxian 86;

modern 81–82;

and patriotism 34

Somme offensive (1916) xii–xiii

South American Republics 63

sovereign, loyalty to 30

Spanish-American War (1898) 58

Sparta 99

spinsters 119

spirit, life of 144;

harmony with instinct and mind 135–37;

and impersonal feeling 134–35;

and love 142;

and religion 145

spiritual insight 144

State 24–45;

aims of 35, 36;

authority of 37;

civil and military 62–64;

and civilized community 31;

competitive organization of 103;

and education 94;

external policy of 36;

functions of see State functions;

initiative, suppressing 35;

and law 25–26, 38;

positive purposes 42–43;

possessiveness of 153, 154;

power of see State power;

property ownership 77;

religion, attitude towards 97;

selfishness of 29;

strong organizations within 44;

and worship of money 73

State functions 24–25;

civil 62;

nonessential 25;

positive 39–40

State power 26–30;

acquiescence in 30;

evil nature of 27, 34;

excessive 38;

and external force 36;

and public opinion 28–29;

and war 29

status quo 52, 83, 86, 100

St. Augustine 161

sterilization 119

St. Francis 129

Stoicism 157

Strachey, Lytton xii

strikes 37–38, 47

strong impulses 5, 7

subjectivism 156, 157

success 10, 12;

and making of money 59, 70, 94

suicide 28n

Sweden, separation from Norway 36

sympathy 2

syndicalism xv, 24, 34, 43, 88

syndicalist prosecutions 26

thought 106, 140, 141;

new 147–48

thrift 72, 74

thwarted growth 11, 21

Tolstoy, Leo 114

trade unions 19

tree, growth of 11–12

Trevelyan, Charles P. xv

tribal feeling 30, 31, 32

tyranny 14, 26, 36;

German 62

Uberti, Farinata degli 50

unconsciousness 4

understanding 2

Union of Democratic Control xiii, xv

unity 149–50;

of nations 65–66

universities 43

Unwin, Stanley xiv

Utopias 57

violence, suppression and promotion by State 34

virtue, pursuit of 157

vital energy, misuse of 149

wage-earning system 87–88

war:

efficiency in, promotion of 34;

as enemy of freedom 45;

impulses towards 48, 56, 57, 159;

as institution 46–68;

main cause of 66;

phenomenon of 27;

versus police force 47;

power in 36;

and power of State outside own borders 29;

see also foreigners:

force against

War and Peace (periodical) x

war fever 3, 48, 53, 55

Waterloo, battle of 96

wealth 48–49, 59

Webb, Sidney 114n

West, Arthur Graeme xvi

“white feather” women 28n

Whitman, Walt 18–19

“Why Nations Love War” x

wife, rights in marriage 121–22

will 3–4, 7, 103, 155

Wollstonecraft, Mary 147

women:

adultery, penalty for 112;

career-minded 113–14, 116, 119;

emancipation of 113, 114, 117, 147;

marriage pressures 115–16;

spinsters 119;

wife, rights in marriage 121–22

Woods, Professor xiv

work:

intrinsic interest in 80;

mechanical 88;

where wages sole criterion 6, 57, 74, 86;

working hours 76

working-classes, increasing nature of 115, 116

world-State 39, 60, 62, 66

World War I see Great War (World War I)

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