Питер Уорд: Новая история происхождения жизни на Земле

Наша работа о распространении насекомых и позвоночных упоминается в следующем источнике: P. Ward et al., «Confirmation of Romer’s Gap as a Low Oxygen Interval Constraining the Timing of Initial Arthropod and Vertebrate Terrestrialization,» Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10, no. 45 (2006): 16 818-22.

R. Dudley, «Atmospheric Oxygen, Giant Paleozoic Insects and the Evolution of Aerial Locomotor Performance,» The Journal of Experimental Biology 201 (1988): 1043–50; R. Dudley, The Biomechanics of Insect Flight: Form, Function, Evolution (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000); R. Dudley and P. Chai, «Animal Flight Mechanics in Physically Variable Gas Mixtures,» The Journal of Experimental Biology 199 (1996): 1881–85. Также C. Gans et al., «Late Paleozoic Atmospheres and Biotic Evolution,» Historical Biology 13 (1991): 199–219; J. Graham et al., «Implications of the Late Paleozoic Oxygen Pulse for Physiology and Evolution,» Nature 375 (1995): 117–20; J. F. Harrison et al., «Atmospheric-Oxygen Level and the Evolution of Insect Body Size,» Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 277 (2010): 1937–46.

D. Flouday et al., «The Paleozoic Origin of Enzymatic Lignin Decomposition Reconstructed from 31 Fungal Genomes,» Science 336, no. 6089 (2012): 1715-19.

Там же.

J. A. Raven, «Plant Responses to High O, Concentrations: Relevance to Previous High O., Episodes,» Global and Planetary Change 97 (1991): 19–38; and J. A. Raven et al., «The Influence of Natural and Experimental High O 2Concentrations on O 2-EvoKing Phototrophs,» Biological Reviews 69 (1994): 61–94 2.

J. S. Clark et al., Sediment Records of Biomass Burning and Global Change (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1997); M. J. Cope et al., «Fossil Charcoals as Evidence of Past Atmospheric Composition,» Nature 283 (1980): 647–49; C. M. Belcher et al., «Baseline Intrinsic Flammability of Earth’s Ecosystems Estimated from Paleoatmospheric Oxygen over the Past 350 Million Years,» Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 52 (2010): 22 448-53. Мы считаем, что главный недостаток этих экспериментов в том, что их результаты не подтвердятся при высоких температурах горения. Даже при малом количестве кислорода обычный удар молнии образует гораздо большую температуру, чем та, которую использовали в данном исследовании.

D. Beerling, The Emerald Planet: How Plants Changed Earth's History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007).

Q. Cai et al., «The Genome Sequence of the Ground Tit Pseudopodoces kumilis Provides Insights into Its Adaptation to High Altitude,» Genome Biology 14, no. 3 (2013); www.geo.umass.edu-climate-quelccaya-diuca.html, а также P. Ward, Out of Thin Air: Dinosaurs, Birds, and Earth's Ancient Atmosphere (Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry Press, 2006). В данных работах содержится информация о сооружении гнезд на больших высотах.

P. Ward, Out of Thin Air.

M. Laurin and R. R. Reisz, «A Reevaluation of Early Amniote Phytogeny,» Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 113, no. 2 (1995): 165–223.

P. Ward, Out of Thin Air.

C. Sidor et al., «Permian Tetrapods from the Sahara Show Climate-Controlled Endemism in Pangaea,» Nature 434 (2012): 886–89; S. Sahney and M. J. Benton, «Recovery from the Most Profound Mass Extinction of All Time,» Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B 275 (2008): 759–65.

Окаменелости беспозвоночных животных в округе Мэйшань являются самыми хорошо изученными свидетельствами того ужасного события. Данный вопрос хорошо исследован здесь: S.-Z. Shen et al., «Calibrating the End-Penman Mass Extinction,» Science 334, no. 6061 (2011): 1367–72; Y. G. Jin et al., «Pattern of Marine Mass Extinction Near the Permian-Triassic Boundary in South China,» Science 289, no. 5478 (2000): 432–36.

C. R. Marshall, «Confidence Limits in Stratigraphy,» in D. E. G. Briggs and P. R. Crowther, eds., Paleobiology II (Oxford: Blackwell Scientific, 2001), 542–45; Также новые работы наших коллег из Аделаиды: C. J. A. Bradshaw et al., «Robust Estimates of Extinction Time in the Geological Record,» Quaternary Science Reviews 33 (2011): 14–19.

«End-Permian Extinction Happened in 60,000 Years — Much Faster than Earlier Estimates, Study Says,» Phys. org, February 10, 2014. S. D. Burgess et al., «High-Precision Timeline for Earths Most Severe Extinction,» Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 9 (2014): 3316–21.

L. Becker et al., «Impact Event at the Permian-Triassic Boundary: Evidence from Extraterrestrial Noble Gases in Fullerenes,» Science 291 (2001): 1530–33.

L. Becker et al., «Bedout: A Possible End-Permian Impact Crater Offshore of Northwestern Australia,» Science 304 (2004): 1469–76.

K. Grice et al., «Photic Zone Euxinia During the Permian-Triassic Superanoxic Event,» Science 307 (2005): 706–09.

C. Cao et al., «Biogeochemical Evidence for Euxinic Oceans and Ecological Disturbance Presaging the End-Permian Mass Extinction Event,» Earth and Planetary Science Letters 281 (2009): 188–201.

L. R. Kump and M. A. Arthur, «Inteqireting Carbon-Isotope Excursions: Carbonates and Organic Matter,» Chemical Geology 161 (1999): 181–98.

K. M. Meyer and L. R. Kump, «Oceanic Euxinia in Earth History: Causes and Consequences,» Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 36 (2008): 251–88.

T. J. Algeo and E. D. Ingall, «Sedimentary Corg: P Ratios, Paleoceanography, Ventilation, and Phanerozoic Atmospheric pO 2» Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 256 (2007): 130–55; C. Wingudi and A. M. E. Winguth, «Simulating Permian-Triassic Oceanic Anoxia Distribution: Implications for Species Extinction and Recovery,» Geology 40 (2012): 127–30; S. Xie et al., «Changes in the Global Carbon Cycle Occurred as Two Episodes during the Permian-Triassic Crisis,» Geology 35 (2007): 1083–86; S. Xie et al., «Two Episodes of Microbial Change Coupled with Permo-Triassic Faunal Mass Extinction,» Nature 434 (2005): 494–97; G. Luo et al., «Stepwise and Large-Magnitude Negative Shift in d13Ccarb Preceded the Main Marine Mass Extinction oldie Permian-Triassic Crisis Interval,» Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 299 (2011): 70–82; G. A. Brenneeka et al., «Rapid Expansion of Oceanic Anoxia Immediately before the End-Permian Mass Extinction,» Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108 (2011): 17 631-34.