John Tolkien: The Silmarillion

romen 'uprising, sunrise, east' (Quenya) in Romenna. The Sindarin words for 'east', rhûn (in Talath Rhunen ) and amrûn, were of the same origin.

rond meant a vaulted or arched roof, or a large hall or chamber so roofed; so Nargothrond (see ost ) , Hadhodrond, Aglarond. It could be applied to the heavens, hence the name Elrond 'star-dome'.

ros 'foam, spindrift, spray' in Celebros, Elros, Rauros; also in Cair Andros, an island in the river Anduin.

ruin 'red flame' (Quenya runya ) in Orodruin.

ruth 'anger' in Aranrúth.

sarn '(small) stone' in Sarn Athrad ( Sarn Ford on the Brandywine is a half-translation of this); also in Sarn Gebir ('stone-spikes': ceber, plural cebir 'stakes'), rapids in the river Anduin. A derivative is Serni, a river in Gondor.

sereg 'blood' (Quenya serke ) in seregon.

sil- (and variant thil- ) 'shine (with white or silver light)' in Belthil, Galathilion, Silpion, and in Quenya Isil, Sindarin Ithil, the Moon (whence Isildur, Narsil; Minas Ithil, Ithilien ) . The Quenya word Silmarilli is said to derive from the name silima that Fëanor gave to the substance from which they were made.

sîr 'river', from root sir- 'flow', in Ossiriand (the first element is from the stem of the numeral 'seven', Quenya otso, Sindarin odo ) , Sirion; also in Sirannon (the 'Gate-stream' of Moria) and Sirith ('a flowing', as tirith 'watching' from tir ) , a river in Gondor. With change of s to h in the middle of words it is present in Minhiriath 'between the rivers', the region between the Brandywine and the Greyflood; in Nanduhirion 'vale of dim streams', the Dimrill Dale (see nan [ d ] and dú ), and in Ethir Anduin, the outflow or delta of Anduin (from et-sir ) .

sûl 'wind' in Amon Sûl, Súlimo; cf. súlimë, Quenya name of the third month of the year ( The Lord of the Rings Appendix D).

tal (dal) 'foot' in Celebrindal, and with the meaning 'end' in Ramdal.

talath 'flat lands, plain' in Talath Dirnen, Talath Rhunen.

tar- 'high' (Quenya tára 'lofty'), prefix of the Quenya names of the Númenórean Kings; also in Annatar. Feminine tári 'she that is high, Queen' in Elentári, Kementári. Cf. tarma 'pillar' in Meneltarma.

tathar 'willow'; adjective tathren in Nan-tathren; Quenya tasare in Tasarinan, Nan-tasarion (see Nan-tathren in the Index).

taur 'wood, forest' (Quenya taure ) in Tauron, Taur-im-Duinath, Taur-nu-Fuin.

tel- 'finish, end, be last' in Teleri.

thalion 'strong, dauntless' in Cúthalion, Thalion.

thong 'oppression' in Thangorodrim, also in Durthang (a castle in Mordor). Quenya sanga meant 'press, throng', whence Sangahyando 'Throng-cleaver', name of a man in Gondor ( The Lord of the Rings Appendix A [I, iv]).

thar- 'athwart, across' in Sarn Athrad, Thargelion; also in Tharbad (from thara-pata 'crossway*) where the ancient road from Arnor and Gondor crossed the Grey-flood.

thaur 'abominable, abhorrent' in Sauron (from Thauron) , Gorthaur.

thin(d) 'grey' in Thingol; Quenya sinda in Sindar, Singollo ( Sindacollo: collo 'cloak').

thôl 'helm' in Dor Cúarthol, Gorthol.

thon 'pine-tree' in Dorthonion.

thoron 'eagle' in Thorondor (Quenya Sorontar ) , Cirith Thoronath. The Quenya form is perhaps present in the constellation-name Soronúmë.

til 'point, horn' in Taniquetil, Tilion ('the Horned'); also in Celebdil 'Silvertine', one of the Mountains of Moria.

tin - 'sparkle' (Quenya tinta 'cause to sparkle', tinwe 'spark') in Tintallë; also in tindómë 'starry twilight' ( The Lord of the Rings Appendix D), whence tindómerel 'daughter of the twilight', a poetic name for the nightingale (Sindarin Tinúviel ) . It appears also in Sindarin ithildin 'starmoon', the substance of which the devices on the West-gate of Moria were made.

tir 'watch, watch over' in Minas Tirith, palantíri, Tar-Palantir, Tirion.

tol 'isle' (rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river) in Tol Eressëa, Tol Galen, etc.

turn 'valley' in Tumhalad, Tumladen; Quenya tumbo (cf. Treebeard's tumbalemorna 'lack deep valley'. The Two Towers III 4). Cf. Utumno, Sindarin Udûn (Gandalf in Mordor named the Balrog 'Flame of Udûn'), a name afterwards used of the deep dale in Moria between the Morannon and the Isenmouths.

tur 'power, mastery' in Turambar, Turgon, Túrin, Fëanturi, Tar-'Minyatur.

uial 'twilight' in Aelin-uial, Nenuial.

ur- 'heat, be hot' in Urulóki; cf. Urimë and Urui, Quenya and Sindarin names of the eighth month of the year ( The Lord of the Rings Appendix D). Related is the Quenya word aure 'sunlight, day' (cf. Fingon's cry 'before the Nirnaeth Arnoediad), Sindarin aur , which in the form Or- is prefixed to the names of the days of the week.

val - 'power' in Valar, Valacirca, Valaquenta, Valaraukar, Val(i)mar, Valinor. The original stem was bal-, preserved in Sindarin Balan, plural Belain, the Valar, and in Balrog.

wen 'maiden' is a frequent ending, as in Eärwen, Morwen.

wing 'foam, spray' in Elwing, Vingilot (and only in these two names).

yave 'fruit' (Quenya) in Yavanna; cf. Yavannie, Quenya name of the ninth month of the year, and yavie 'autumn' ( The Lord of the Rings Appendix D).