J Tolkien: The Silmarillon

Idril's name in Quenya form was Itarille (or Itarilde), from a stem ita- 'sparkle'. rim 'great number, host' (Quenya rimbe) was commonly used to form collective plurals, as Golodhrim, Mithrim (see the Index), Naugrim, Thangorodrim, etc. ring 'cold, chill' in Ringil, Ringwil, Himring; also in the river Ringlo in Gondor, and in Ringare, Quenya name of the last month of the year (The Lord of the Rings Appendix D). ris 'cleave' appears to have blended with the stem kris- of similar meaning (a derivative of the root kir' cleave, cut', q.v.); hence Angrist (also Orcrist 'Orc-cleaver', the sword of Thorin Oakenshield), Crissaegrim, Imladris. roch 'horse' (Quenya rokko) in Rochallor, Rohan (from Rochand 'land of horses'), Rohirrim; also in Roheryn 'horse of the lady' (cf. heru), Aragorn's horse, which was so called because given to him by Arwen (The Return of the King V 2). rom-A stem used of the sound of trumpets and horns which appears in Orome and Valaroma; cf. Bema, the name of this Vala in the language of Rohan as translated into Anglo-Saxon in The Lord of the Rings Appendix A (II): Anglo-Saxon beme 'trumpet'. romen 'uprising, sunrise, east' (Quenya) in Romenna. The Sindarin words for 'east', rhun (in Talath Rhunen) and amrun, were of the same origin. rond meant a vaulted or arched roof, or a large hall or chamber so roofed; so Nargothrond (see ost), Hadhodrond, Aglarond. It could be applied to the heavens, hence the name Elrond 'star-dome'. ros 'foam, spindrift, spray' in Celebros, Elros, Rauros; also in Cair Andros, an island in the river Anduin. ruin 'red flame' (Quenya runya) in Orodruin. ruth 'anger' in Aranruth. - 164 - sarn '(small) stone' in Sarn Athrad (Sarn Ford on the Brandywine is a half-translation of this); also in Sarn Gebir ('stone-spikes': ceber, plural cebir 'stakes'), rapids in the river Anduin. A derivative is Serni, a river m Gondor. sereg 'blood' (Quenya serke) in seregon. sil-(and variant thil-) 'shine (with white or silver light)' in Belthil, Galathilion, Silpion, and in Quenya Isil, Sindarin Ithil, the Moon (whence Isildur, Narsil; Minas Ithil, Ithilien). The Quenya word Silmarilli is said to derive from the name silima that Feanor gave to the substance from which they were made. sir 'river', from root sir- 'flow', in Ossiriand (the first element is from the stem of the numeral 'seven', Quenya otso, Sindarin odo), Sirion; also in Sirannon (the 'Gate-stream' of Moria) and Sirith ('a flowing', as tirith 'watching' from tir), a river in Gondor. With change of s to h in the middle of words it is present in Minhiriath 'between the rivers', the region between the Brandywine and the Greyflood; in Nanduhirion 'vale of dim streams', the Dimrill Dale (see nan[d] and du), and in Ethir Anduin, the outflow or delta of Anduin (from et-sir). sul 'wind' in Amon Sul, Sulimo; cf. sulime, Quenya name of the third month of the year (The Lord of the Rings Appendix D). tal (dal) 'foot' in Celebrindal, and with the meaning 'end' in Ramdal. talath 'flat lands, plain' in Talath Dirnen, Talath Rhunen. tar-'high' (Quenya tara 'lofty'), prefix of the Quenya names of the Numenorean Kings; also in Annatar.

Feminine tari 'she that is high, Queen' in Elentari, Kementari. Cf. tarma 'pillar' in Meneltarma. tathar 'willow'; adjective tathren m Nan-tathren; Quenya tasare in Tasarinan, Nan-tasarion (see Nan tathren in the Index). taur 'wood, forest' (Quenya taure) in Tauron, Taur-im-Duinath, Taur-nu-Fuin. tel-'finish, end, be last' in Teleri. thalion 'strong, dauntless' m Cuthalion, Thalion. thong 'oppression' in Thangorodrim, also in Durthang (a castle in Mordor). Quenya sanga meant 'press, throng', whence Sangahyando 'Throng-cleaver', name of a man in Gondor (The Lord of the Rings Appendix A [I, iv]). thar-'athwart, across' in Sarn Athrad, Thargelion; also in Tharbad (from thara-pata 'crossway*) where the ancient road from Arnor and Gondor crossed the Grey-flood. thaur 'abominable, abhorrent' in Sauron (from Thauron), Gorthaur. thin(d) 'grey' in Thingol; Quenya sinda in Sindar, Singollo (Sindacollo: collo 'cloak'). thol 'helm' in Dor Cuarthol, Gorthol. thon 'pine-tree' in Dorthonion. thoron 'eagle' in Thorondor (Quenya Sorontar), Cirith Thoronath. The Quenya form is perhaps present in the constellation-name Soronume. til 'point, horn' in Taniquetil, Tilion ('the Horned'); also in Celebdil 'Silvertine', one of the Mountains of Moria. tin-'sparkle' (Quenya tinta 'cause to sparkle', tinwe 'spark') in Tintalle; also in tindome 'starry twilight' (The Lord of the Rings Appendix D), whence tindomerel 'daughter of the twilight', a poetic name for the nightingale (Sindarin Tinuviel). It appears also in Sindarin ithildin 'starmoon', the substance of which the devices on the West-gate of Moria were made. tir 'watch, watch over' in Minas Tirith, palantiri, Tar-Palantir, Tirion. tol 'isle' (rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river) in Tol Eressea, Tol Galen, etc. turn 'valley' in Tumhalad, Tumladen; Quenya tumbo (cf. Treebeard's tumbalemorna 'lack deep valley'. The Two Towers III 4). Cf. Utumno, Sindarin Udun (Gandalf in Mordor named the Balrog 'Flame of Udun'), a name afterwards used of the deep dale in Moria between the Morannon and the Isenmouths. tur 'power, mastery' in Turambar, Turgon, Turin, Feanturi, Tar-'Minyatur. uial 'twilight' in Aelin-uial, Nenuial. ur-'heat, be hot' in Uruloki; cf. Urime and Urui, Quenya and Sindarin names of the eighth month of the year (The Lord of the Rings Appendix D). Related is the Quenya word aure 'sunlight, day' (cf. Fingon's cry 'before the Nirnaeth Arnoediad), Sindarin aur, which in the form Or- is prefixed to the names of the days of the week. val-'power' in Valar, Valacirca, Valaquenta, Valaraukar, Val(i)mar, Valinor. The original stem was bal-, preserved in Sindarin Balan, plural Belain, the Valar, and in Balrog. wen 'maiden' is a frequent ending, as in Earwen, Morwen. wing 'foam, spray' in Elwing, Vingilot (and only in these two names). - 165 - yave 'fruit' (Quenya) in Yavanna; cf. Yavannie, Quenya name of the ninth month of the year, and yavie 'autumn' (The Lord of the Rings Appendix D).