Fisher, ‘Swarmcast’. См. также Ali Fisher, ‘ISIS Strategy and the Twitter Jihadiscape’, CPD Blog, 24 April 2017: https: // www.uscpublicdiplomacy.org / blog / isis-strategy-and-twitter-jihadiscape .
John Bohannon, ‘Women Critical for Online Terrorist Networks’, Science , 10 June 2016.
MacGill, ‘Acephalous Groups’.
Даже критики Обамы пытались придумать последовательный ответ на действия ИГИЛ. О традиционной контртеррористической стратегии военных и политиков, без упоминания киберпространства, см. Habeck et al., Global Strategy for Combating Al - Qaeda .
Institute for Economics and Peace, Global Terrorism Index 2016 : Measuring and Understanding the Impact of Terrorism , 4.
START, Patterns of Islamic State-Related Terrorism, 2002–2015 (August 2016).
Institute for Economics and Peace, Global Terrorism Index 2016, 43.
Byrne, Black Flag Down , 18–20.
Stuart, Islamist Terrorism .
Rukmini Callimachi, Alissa J. Rubin and Laure Fourquet, ‘A View of ISIS’s Evolution in New Details of Paris Attacks’, The New York Times , 19 March 2016.
Ali, Challenge of Dawa . См. также Sookhdeo, Dawa .
Stuart, Islamist Terrorism: Key Findings , 2, 9, 11, 18.
Frampton et al., Unsettled Belonging .
Scott Atran and Nafees Hamid, ‘Paris: The War ISIS Wants, New York Review of Books , 16 November 2015.
Berger and Morgan, ‘ISIS Twitter Census’.
John Bohannon, ‘How to Attack the Islamic State Online’, Science , 17 June 2016. См. также Berger and Perez, ‘The Islamic State’s Diminishing Returns on Twitter’, и Wood, Way of the Strangers , 287.
http: // www.bbc.com / news / uk 34568574.
Sutton, ‘Myths and Misunderstandings’.
https: // www.telegraph.co.uk / news / uknews / terrorism-in-the-uk /11546683/ Islamist-extremists-in-prison-revolving-door-as-numbers-soar.html.
Pew Research Center, Future Global Muslim Population .
Laurence and Vaisse, Integrating Islam , 40f. См. также Khosrokhavar, L’Islam dans les prisons . См. также Scott Atran and Nafees Hamid, ‘Paris: The War ISIS Wants’, New York Review of Books , 16 November 2015.
Antoine Krempf, ‘60 % des détenus français sont musulmans?’ Replay Radio, 26 January 2015.
Pew Research Center, World’s Muslims .
В защиту популизма см.: Roger Kimball, ‘Populism, X: The Imperative of Freedom’, New Criterion (June 2017).
Deena Shanker, ‘Social Media are Driving Americans Insane’, Bloomberg , 23 February 2017.
Deloitte, No Place Like Phone .
Hampton et al., ‘Social Isolation and New Technology’.
Funke et al., ‘Going to Extremes’.
Inglehart and Norris, ‘Trump, Brexit, and the Rise of Populism’. См. также Daniel Drezner, ‘I Attended Three Conferences on Populism in Ten Days’, Washington Post , 19 June 2017.
Канетти Элиас (1905–1994) – философ, писатель, лауреат Нобелевской премии по литературе. Автор книги “Масса и власть”. (Прим. ред .)
Renee DiResta, ‘Crowds and Technology’, RibbonFarm, 15 September 2016: https: // www.ribbonfarm.com /2016/09/15/ crowds-and-technology /.
Brinton and Chiang, Power of Networks , 207.
‘Mobilising Voters through Social Media in the U. S., Taiwan and Hong Kong’, Bauhinia, 15 August 2016.
Pentland, Social Physics , 50f.
Bond et al., ‘61MillionPerson Experiment’.
Goodhart, Road to Somewhere .
Dominic Cummings, ‘How the Brexit Referendum Was Won’, Spectator , 9 January 2017.
Dominic Cummings, ‘On the Referendum #20: The Campaign, Physics and Data Science’, 29 October 2016: https: // dominiccummings.com /2016/10/29/ on-the-referendum- 20 -the-campaign-physics-and-data-science-vote-leaves-voter-intention-collection-system-vics-now-available-for-all /.
Carole Cadwalladr, ‘Revealed: How U. S. Billionaire Helped to Back Brexit’, Guardian , 25 February 2017. Simon Kuper, ‘Targeting Specific Voters is More Effective and Cheaper than Speaking to the Public on TV’, Financial Times , 14 June 2017.
Salena Zito, ‘Taking Trump Seriously, Not Literally’, Atlantic , 23 September 2016.
Allen and Parnes, Shattered , KL 256–257, 566–569, 599–601, 804–806.
Ibid., KL 2902–4.
Ibid., KL 3261–73, 3281–5, 3291–3301.
Allcott and Gentzkow, ‘Social Media and Fake News’.
Shannon Greenwood, Andrew Perrin and Maeve Duggan, ‘Social Media Update 2016’, Pew Research Center, 11 November 2016. See Mostafa M. El Bermawy, ‘Your Filter Bubble is Destroying Democracy’, Wired , 18 November 2016.
Maeve Duggan and Aaron Smith, ‘The Political Environment on Social Media’, Pew Research Center, 25 October 2016.
‘Mobilising Voters through Social Media in the U. S., Taiwan and Hong Kong’, Bauhinia, 15 August 2016.
Erin Pettigrew, ‘How Facebook Saw Trump Coming When No One Else Did’, Medium , 9 November 2016.
Pew Research Center, ‘Election Campaign 2016: Campaigns as a Direct Source of News’, 18 July 2016, 15.
https: // www.youtube.com / watch?v=vST 61 W 4 bGm 8.
https: // www.wired.com /2016/11/ facebook-won-trump-election-not-just-fake-news /.
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