Лестер Браун - Как избежать климатических катастроф?: План Б 4.0 - спасение цивилизации

IEA, op. cit. note, p. 507.

World Health Organization, “Air Pollution”, Fact Sheet 187 (Geneva: revised September 2000); Janet Larsen, “Coal Takes Heavy Human Toll: Some 25,100 U. S. Deaths from Coal Use Largely Preventable”, Eco-Economy Update (Washington DC: Earth Policy Institute, 24 August 2004).

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Science and Technology, “National Listing of Fish Advisories: 2005–06 National Listing”, fact sheet (Washington, DC: July 2007).

Jonathan Watts, “Beijing Blames Pollutants for Rise in Killer Cancers”, Guardian (London), 22 May 2007.

Barbara Demick, “China Blames Pollution for Surge in Birth Defects”, Los Angeles Times , 2 February 2009; Steven Mufson, “Asian Nations Could Outspace U. S. in Developing Clean Energy”, Washington Post , 16 July 2009.

Keith Bradsher, “Green Power Takes Root in the Chinese Desert”, New York Times , 2 July 2009.

IEA, op. cit. note 6, p. 507.

Paul Hawken, Commencement Address to the Class of 2009, University of Portland, Portland, OR, 3 May 2009.

Global Wind Energy Council, Global Wind 2008 Report (Brussels, 2009), pp. 3, 56; Erik Shuster, Tracking New Coal-Fired Power Plants (Pittsburgh, PA: U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Energy Technology Laboratory, January 2009); “Nuclear Dips in 2008”, World Nuclear News , 29 May 2009; один мегаватт установленной мощности, генерирующей энергию с помощью ветра, вырабатывает достаточно электроэнергии для снабжения 300 домов — см.: American Wind Energy Association “U. S. Wind Energy Installations Reach New Milestone” (Washington, DC, 14 August 2006), press release; число домов вычислено на основе данных о среднем размере домашнего хозяйства в США, полученных из публикации: U. S. Census Bureau “2005–2007 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates — Data Profile Highlights” — см.: factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts (просмотрено 9 апреля 2009 г.) и данным о населении из электронной базы данных того же Бюро State and Country QuickFacts, обновленной 20 февраля 2009 г. — см.: quickfacts.census.gov.

Поведение двуокиси углерода смоделировано на основе данных о продуктах горения ископаемых видов топлива, приведенных в работе: Tom Boden, Gregg Marland, “Global CO2 Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Burning, Cement Manufacture, and Gas Flaring: 1751 — 06” и “Preliminary 2006–2007 Global and National Estimates by Extrapolation”, обе работы опубликованы в сборнике: Carbon Dioxide Information and Analysis Center (CDIAC), Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions (Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 2009), а также на основе данных об изменении выбросов в зависимости от изменения характера землепользования, приведенных в статье R. A. Houghton, “Carbon Flux to the Atmosphere from Land-Use Changes” — см.: CDIAC, Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global change (Oak Ridge, TN: ORNL, 2008), ниспадающая кривая приведена в J. Hansen и др., “Dangerous Human-Made Interference with Climate: A GISS ModelE Study”, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , vol. 7 (2007), pp. 2, 287–312; данные о текущей концентрации СО2 в атмосфере взяты из статьи: Pieter Tans, “Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide — Mauna Loa”, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory, — см.: www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends просмотрена автором 7 апреля 2009.

James Hansen et al., “Target Atmospheric CO2: Where Should Humanity Aim?” Open Atmospheric Science Journa l, vol. 2 (15 October 2008), pp. 217–231.

Lester R. Brown, “Creating New Jobs, Cutting Carbon Emissions, and Reducing Oil Imports by Investing in Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency”, Plan B Update (Washington, DC: Earth Policy Institute, 11 December 2008).

S. Pacala, R. Socolow, “Stabilizing Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next 50 Years with Current Technologies”, Science , vol. 305 (13 August 2004), pp. 968–972.

Так же.

International Alliance of Research Universities , Climate Change: Global Risks, Challenges and Decisions , Synthesis Report from International Scientific Congress (Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen, 2009).

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and DOE, “Energy Star Change a Light, Change the World”, fact sheet (Washington DC: 23 April 2007); Larry Kinney, Lighting Systems in Southwestern Homes: Problems and Opportunities, prepared for DOE Building America Program through the Midwest Research Institute, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) (Boulder, CO: Southwest Energy Efficiency Project, June 2005), pp. 4–5.

Alice McKeown, “Strong growth in compact Fluorescent Bulbs Reduces Electricity Demand”, Vital Signs Online (Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, 27 October 2008); “Alliance Calls for Only Energy-Efficient Lighting in U. S. Market by 2016, Joins Coalition Dedicated to Achieving Goal”, press release (Washington, DC: Alliance to Save Energy, 14 March 2007); DOE, Big Results, Bigger Potential: CFL Market Profile (Washington, DC: Energy Star, March 2009).

Ministry for the Environment and Natural Resources, “World First! Australia Slashes Greenhouse Gases from Inefficient Lighting”, press release (Canberra, Australia: 20 February 2007); Rob Gillies, “Canada Announces Greenhouse Gas Targets”, Associated Press , 25 April 2007; European Parliament, “Incandescent Light Bulbs: Environment Committee Backs Phase-Out Plan”, press release (Brussels: 17 February 2009).

International Energy Agency (IEA), Light’s Labour’s Lost: Policies for Energy-Efficient Lighting (Paris: 2006), p. 375; Deborah Zabarenko, “China to Switch to Energy-Efficient Lightbulbs”, Reuters , 3 October 2007; Greenpeace India, “India’s Light Bulb Phase Out: Setting a Smart Example”, press release (New Delhi: 25 February 2009).

Рейтинг розничных сетей согласно данным, взятым из публикаций: Deloitte, Feeling the Squeeze, Global Powers of Retailing 2009 (London: 2009); Walmart Stores Inc., “Greenhouse Gas Emissions Fact Sheet” (Bentonville, AR: 2009); Hillary Osborne “Currys to Stop Selling Incandescent Bulbs”, Guardian (London), 13 March 2007.

CREE LED Lighting, “Ultra-Efficient Lighting” — cм.: www.creelighting. com/efficiency.htm, просмотрена автором 17 апреля 2009; Navigant Consulting Inc., Energy Savings Estimates of Light Emitting Diodes in Niche Lighting applications (Washington, DC: DOE, rev. October 2008); Anthony DePalma, “It Never Sleeps, But It’s Learned to Douse the Lights”, New York Ttimes , 11 December 2005; “Mayor Villaraigosa, President Clinton Light the Way to a Greener L. A.”, press release (Los Angeles, CA: Office of the Mayor, 16 February 2009).