Лестер Браун - Как избежать климатических катастроф?: План Б 4.0 - спасение цивилизации

Сведения о площади зернового клина в США взяты из электронной базы данных министерства сельского хозяйства США Production, Supply and Distribution — см.: www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline (данные обновлены 9 апреля 2009 г.). Цифры, характеризующие разрушение почвенного слоя, рассчитаны автором на основе данных, приведенных в статье: Mohan K. Wali et al. “Assessing Terrestrial Ecosystem Sustainability”, Nature & Resources , October-December 1999, pp. 21–33, и в публикации: World Resources Institute (WRI), World Resources 2000–2001 (Washington, DC: 2000).

Электронная база данных Продовольственной и сельскохозяйственной организации ООН (FAO) ResourceSTAT — cм.: faostat.fao.org (данные обновлены в апреле 2009 г.); Lester R. Brown, “Melting Mountain Glaciers Will Shrink Grain Harvests in China and India” , Plan B Update (Washington, DC: Earth Policy Institute, 20 March 2008).

Jacob W. Kijne, Unlocking the Water Potential of Agriculture (Rome: FAO, 2003), p. 26.

Lester R. Brown. Outgrowing the Earth (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2004), pp. 101–102.

Walter C. Lowdermilk, Conquest of the Land Through 7,000 Years . USDA Bulletin No. 99 (Washington, DC: USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service, 1939).

Там же p. 10.

FAO, “FAO/WFP Crop and Food Assessment Mission to Lesotho Special Report”, — www.fao.org, просмотрено автором 29 мая 2002 г.; U. N. Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Population Database — eas.un.org/unpp, обновлено 11 марта 2009 г.; Michael Grunwald, «Bizarre Weather Ravages Africans’ Crops”, Washington Post , 7 January 2003.

USDA, op. cit. note 2; U. N. World Food Programme (WFP), “Lesotho” — см.: www.wfp.org/countries/lesotho; просмотрено автором 5 мая 2009 г.

USDA, op. cit. note 2; FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 (Rome: 2006), p. 193; WFP, “Haiti” — см.: www.wfp.org/countries/ haiti; просмотрено автором 5 мая 2009 г.

U. N. Environmental Programme (UNEP), Mongolia: State of the Environment 2002 (Pathumthani, Thailand: Regional Resource Centre for Asia and the Pacific, 2001), pp. 3–7; U. N. Population Division, op. cit note 8; USDA, op. cit. note 2.

FAO, “More People Than Ever are Victims of Hunger”, background note (Rome: June 2009).

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth Observatory, “Dust Storm off Western Sahara Coast” — см.: earthobservatory.nasa.gov; просмотрено автором 9 января 2005 г.

Paul Brown, “4x4 Replace the Desert Camel and Whip Up a Worldwide Dust Storm”, Guardian (London), 20 August 2004.

Там же.

Ann Schrader, “Latest Import from China: Haze”, Denver Post , 18 April 2001; Brown, op. cit. note 14.

Howard W. French, “China’s Growing Deserts Are Suffocating Korea”, New York Times, 14 April 2002.

Количество пыльных бурь в Китае см. в Таблице 1–1 книги: Lester R. Brown, Janet Larsen, and Bernie Fischlowitz Roberts, The Earth Policy Reader (New York: W. W. Norton&Company, 2002, p.13).

U. S. Embassy, “Desert Mergers and Acquisitions”, Beijing Environment, Science, and Technology Update (Beijing: 19 July 2002), p. 2.

Asif Farrukh , Pakistan Grain and Feed Annual Report 2002 (Islamabad, Pakistan: USDA Foreign Agricultiral Service, 2003).

UNEP, Africa Environment Outlook: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives (Nairobi: 2002).

Оценка площади территории взята из книги: Stanley Wood, Kate Sebastian, and Sara J. Scherr, Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems: Agroecosystems (Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute and WRI, 2000), p. 3; FAO, ProdSTAT — электронная база данных: faostat.fao.org, обновлено в июне 2009 г.

Численность пастухов взята из публикации: FAO, The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2003 (Rome: 2003), p. 15; Robin P. White, Siobhan Murray, and Mark Rohweder, Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems: Grassland Ecosystems (Washington, DC: WRI, 2000); U. N. Population Division, op. cit. note 8; FAO, op. cit. note 22; Southern African Development Coordination Conference, SADCC Agriculture: Toward 2000 (Rome: FAO, 1984).

Government of Nigeria, Combating Desertification and Mitigating the Effects of Drough in Nigeria , Revised National Report on the Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (Nigeria: April 2002); U. N. Population Division, op. cit. note 8; FAO, op. cit. note 22.

U. N. Population Division, op. cit. note 8; FAO, op. cit. note 22; Iranian News Agency, “Official Warns of Impending Desertification Catastrophe in Southeast Iran”, BBC International Reports , 29 September 2002.

UNEP, Afganistan: Post-Conflict Environmental Assessment (Geneva: 2003), p. 52.

FAO, op. cit. note 22.

Wang Tao et al., «A Study on Spatial-temporal Changes of Sandy Desertified Land During Last 5 Decades in North China”, Acta Geographica Sinica , vol. 59 (2004), pp. 203–212.

Wang Tao, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CAREERI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, сообщение автору книги, посланное по электронной почте 4 апреля 2004 г.; Wang Tao, «The Process and Its Control of Sandy Desertification in Northern China”, CAREERI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, seminar on desertification, Lanzhou, China, May 2002.

FAO, The State of Food and Agriculture 1995 (Rome: 1995), p. 175; Rosamond Naylor et al., “Losing the Links between Livestock and Land”, Science , vol. 310 (9 December 2005), pp. 1, 621–622.

“The Great North American Dust Bowl: A Cautionary Tale” в сборнике: Secretariat of the U. N. Convention to Combat Desertification, Global Alarm: Dust and Sandstorms from the World’s Drylands (Bangkok: 2002), pp. 77–121; John Steinbeck , The Grapes of Wrath (New York: Viking Penguin, Inc. 1939).

FAO, op. cit. note 30, p. 175; David Christian, Imperial and Soviet Russia: Power, Privilege, and the Challenge of Modernity (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1997), p. 366; USDA, op. cit. note 2; France from USDA, Foreign Agricultural Service, World Agricultural Production (Washington, DC: April 2009), p. 7.