James Nelson - The Polar Bear Expedition
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- Название:The Polar Bear Expedition
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- Издательство:William Morrow
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- Год:2018
- Город:New York
- ISBN:978-0-06-285277-9
- Рейтинг книги:3 / 5. Голосов: 1
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The Polar Bear Expedition: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация
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draws on an untapped trove of firsthand accounts to deliver a vivid, soldier’s-eye view of an extraordinary lost chapter of American history—the Invasion of Russia one hundred years ago during the last days of the Great War.
In the winter of 1919, 5,000 U.S. soldiers, nicknamed “The Polar Bears,” found themselves hundreds of miles north of Moscow in desperate, bloody combat against the newly formed Soviet Union’s Red Army. Temperatures plummeted to sixty below zero. Their guns and their flesh froze. The Bolsheviks, camouflaged in white, advanced in waves across the snow like ghosts.
The Polar Bears, hailing largely from Michigan, heroically waged a courageous campaign in the brutal, frigid subarctic of northern Russia for almost a year. And yet they are all but unknown today. Indeed, during the Cold War, two U.S. presidents, Ronald Reagan and Richard Nixon, would assert that the American and the Russian people had never directly fought each other. They were spectacularly wrong, and so too is the nation’s collective memory.
It began in August 1918, during the last months of the First World War: the U.S. Army’s 339th Infantry Regiment crossed the Arctic Circle; instead of the Western Front, these troops were sailing en route to Archangel, Russia, on the White Sea, to intervene in the Russian Civil War. The American Expeditionary Force, North Russia, had been sent to fight the Soviet Red Army and aid anti-Bolshevik forces in hopes of reopening the Eastern Front against Germany. And yet even after the Great War officially ended in November 1918, American troops continued to battle the Red Army and another, equally formiddable enemy, “General Winter,” which had destroyed Napoleon’s Grand Armee a century earlier and would do the same to Hitler’s once invincible Wehrmacht.
More than two hundred Polar Bears perished before their withdrawal in July 1919. But their story does not end there. Ten years after they left, a contingent of veterans returned to Russia to recover the remains of more than a hundred of their fallen brothers and lay them to rest in Michigan, where a monument honoring their service still stands.
In the century since, America has forgotten the Polar Bears’ harrowing campaign. Russia, notably, has not, and as Nelson reveals, the episode continues to color Russian attitudes toward the United States. At once epic and intimate,
masterfully recovers this remarkable tale at a time of new relevance.
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JAMES CARL NELSONreceived the 2017 Marine Corps Heritage Foundation’s Colonel Joseph Alexander Award for Biography. He is the author of three acclaimed histories of the American experience in World War I: I Will Hold: The Story of USMC Legend Clifton B. Cates, from Belleau Wood to Victory in the Great War; Five Lieutenants: The Heartbreaking Story of Five Harvard Men Who Led America to Victory in World War I ; and The Remains of Company D: A Story of the Great War. A former staff writer for the Miami Herald, he lives in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Also by James Carl Nelson
The Remains of Company D: A Story of the Great War
Five Lieutenants: The Heartbreaking Story of Five Harvard Men Who Led America to Victory in World War I
I Will Hold: The Story of USMC Legend Clifton B. Cates, from Belleau Wood to Victory in the Great War
Copyright
THE POLAR BEAR EXPEDITION. Copyright © 2019 by James Carl Nelson. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the nonexclusive, nontransferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse-engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.
Cover photographs: From the New York Public Library (map); Courtesy of University of Michigan Bentley Historical Library (soldiers); © photosoft/Shutterstock (ice )
Map by Nick Springer, copyright © 2018 Springer Cartographics LLC.
FIRST EDITION
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Nelson, James Carl, author.
Title: The Polar Bear Expedition : the heroes of America’s forgotten invasion of Russia, 1918–1919 / James Carl Nelson.
Other titles: America’s forgotten invasion of Russia
Description: New York, NY : William Morrow, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018037597 | ISBN 9780062852779 (hardcover) | ISBN 9780062852786 (pbk.)
Subjects: LCSH: Polar Bear Expedition (1918-1919) | United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 339th—History. | Soldiers—Michigan—History—20th century. | Michigan—History, Military—20th century. | World War, 1914–1918—Regimental histories—United States. | Soviet Union—History—Allied intervention, 1918–1920.
Classification: LCC DK265.42.U5 N45 2019 | DDC 947.084/1—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018037597
Digital Edition DECEMBER 2018 ISBN: 978-0-06-285279-3
Version 01102019
Print ISBN: 978-0-06-285277-9
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