Catherine Merridale - Ivan's War

5 For further evidence, see Ignatieff, ibid ., and Nina Tumarkin, The Living and the Dead , which traces the Second World War cult over forty years.

6 On 1965 in the veterans’memories, see Kolomenskii almanakh , vyp 4 (Moscow, 2000), p. 238.

7 R. W. Davies, Soviet History in the Gorbachev Revolution (Houndmills, 1988), p. 101.

8 For the story of Katyn, which emerged only after 1990, see R. W. Davies, Soviet History in the Yeltsin Era (Houndmills, 1997), pp. 18–19.

9 This was a comment made to the Yugoslav diplomat, Milovan Djilas. See Djilas, Conversations with Stalin (New York, 1962), p. 111.

10 For the whole story, see Nina Tumarkin, ‘Story of a War Memorial’, in Garrard and Garrard (Eds), World War II, pp. 125–46.

11 See George Gibian’s ‘World War 2 in Russian National Consciousness’, in Garrard and Garrard, ibid ., pp. 147–160.

12 Georgian veterans tended to be even more ‘Soviet’ in their outlook than Russians, not least because the notion of Georgian homeland is fragmented and, in the present, still troubled by ethnic hatreds inside the republic’s territory.

13 Werth, p. 155.

14 Druzhba, p. 43. The persistence of this kind of nationalism was apparent in the interviews I carried out in Georgia and eastern Ukraine in 2002 and 2003.

15 The testimonies in Rodina , 1991, 6–7, especially pp. 61–3, confirm what surviving members of punishment battalions said to me.

16 M. Gefter (Ed.), Golosa iz mira, kotorogo uzhe net (Moscow, 1995), p. 41.

This ebook edition published in 2010

by Faber and Faber Ltd

Bloomsbury House

74–77 Great Russell Street

London WC1B 3DA

All rights reserved

© Catherine Merridale, 2005

The right of Catherine Merridale to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with Section 77 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988

This ebook is copyright material and must not be copied, reproduced, transferred, distributed, leased, licensed or publicly performed or used in any way except as specifically permitted in writing by the publishers, as allowed under the terms and conditions under which it was purchased or as strictly permitted by applicable copyright law. Any unauthorised distribution or use of this text may be a direct infringement of the author’s and publisher’s rights, and those responsible may be liable in law accordingly

ISBN 978–0–571–26590–9