Margot Shetterly - Hidden Figures

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Hidden Figures: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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The phenomenal true story of the black female mathematicians at NASA whose calculations helped fuel some of America’s greatest achievements in space. Soon to be a major motion picture starring Taraji P. Henson, Octavia Spencer, Janelle Monae, Kirsten Dunst, and Kevin Costner. Before John Glenn orbited the earth, or Neil Armstrong walked on the moon, a group of dedicated female mathematicians known as “human computers” used pencils, slide rules and adding machines to calculate the numbers that would launch rockets, and astronauts, into space.
Among these problem-solvers were a group of exceptionally talented African American women, some of the brightest minds of their generation. Originally relegated to teaching math in the South’s segregated public schools, they were called into service during the labor shortages of World War II, when America’s aeronautics industry was in dire need of anyone who had the right stuff. Suddenly, these overlooked math whizzes had a shot at jobs worthy of their skills, and they answered Uncle Sam’s call, moving to Hampton, Virginia and the fascinating, high-energy world of the Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory.
Even as Virginia’s Jim Crow laws required them to be segregated from their white counterparts, the women of Langley’s all-black “West Computing” group helped America achieve one of the things it desired most: a decisive victory over the Soviet Union in the Cold War, and complete domination of the heavens.
Starting in World War II and moving through to the Cold War, the Civil Rights Movement and the Space Race,
follows the interwoven accounts of Dorothy Vaughan, Mary Jackson, Katherine Johnson and Christine Darden, four African American women who participated in some of NASA’s greatest successes. It chronicles their careers over nearly three decades they faced challenges, forged alliances and used their intellect to change their own lives, and their country’s future.

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Fetterman, David, 262

Fitchett, Blanche Sponsler, 91. See also Sponsler, Blanche

Flight Research Division

Aerospace Mechanics Division from, 182

computer assignments, 57, 58–59, 107, 122

“fresh-air” engineers, 57, 58, 122, 127, 298

high-speed to spaceflight, 163–164

Space Task Group, 183–184. See also Space Task Group

Forbes, Malcolm, 71

FORTRAN language, 206, 254, 261, 262

Foxx, Charles, xiii

Freedom 7, 208–209

“fresh-air” research, 57, 58, 122, 127, 298

Friendship 7, 223–224

Fries, Sylvia, 257

Gable, Clark, 53

Gagarin, Yuri, 208, 209

Gas Dynamics Laboratory, 100–101

Gaye, Marvin, 251

Gehrig, Lou, 71

George, Albert, 262

Gilruth, Robert, 184, 189, 316

“girls” use in book, ix. See also women

Glenn, John, 188, 214–217, 223–225, 250

Glenn, Madelon, 16

Goble, James Francis “Jimmy”

as chemistry teacher, 25, 69, 119

death, 133, 135–136

homeowner, 131, 132

marriage to Katherine, 74, 76

move to Hampton, 117–118, 120

Goble, Katherine. See Johnson, Katherine Coleman Goble

Goddard Space Flight Center (MD)

capsule position, 221–222

CO3E software program, 207

IBM 7090 pair, 206, 207, 215, 218

women scientists, 218, 255

Golemba, Beverly, xvii, 263

Gough, Melvin, 127, 316

Graham, Julia, 113

Greenbrier resort (“Old White”; WV)

bellman Howard Vaughan, 14, 23, 71, 77

bellman Joshua Coleman, 23, 71, 77, 135

bunker below, 151–152

celebrity guests, 71, 72

serving-class divisions, 72

Greensboro Four, 201

Grissom, Virgil “Gus,” 211, 233

Gup, Ted, 152

Hairston, Ernie, 227

Haise, Fred, 248

Ham the chimpanzee, 208

Hamer, Harold “Al,” 122, 176, 177, 234, 246, 248, 249

Hammond, Ann Vaughan, 263

Hampton (VA)

African feet ashore, 228, 311

Bay Shore Beach, 78, 93, 118

black neighborhood resource, 299

city official seal, 225

civil rights movement, 202–203

electricity rationing and wind tunnels, 56

Hampton High School Langley classes, 141–142, 144–145

John Glenn hero’s welcome, 224–225

Langley Lab and, 38, 53

prewar hamlet, 93–94

racial tensions, 31, 47–48, 142, 167–168

sounds of Langley, 3, 56

“Spacetown, USA,” xviii, 225, 273

Hampton Institute (VA)

black president, 97, 203

civil rights sit-in, 202

electronic computer training, 141

Engineering, Science, and War Management Training programs, 46, 142, 283

Engineering for Women, 16, 39, 95

“Hampton Idea,” 95

John Glenn hero’s welcome, 225

Marian Anderson performances, 68

Mary Peake “founding,” 16

Phenix High School, 94, 95, 142, 186

Rosa Parks as hostess, 202

Stability Analysis gatherings, 88

war effort participation, 45–46

Hampton Roads (VA)

anti-Semitism, 102

East End segregation, 29–30, 61–62

John Glenn hero’s welcome, 224–225

racial tensions, 31, 47–48

V-J Day, 64–65

war towns, 27–29, 64, 79–80

Hannah, Margery (East & West Computing)

authoring study with Katzoff, xvii, 88

Katherine Johnson on, 250

outer planet tour, 246, 314

West Area women as equals, 47

West Computing section head, xvii, 40, 49, 58, 81, 87, 250

wind tunnel air flows, 110

Harris, Ruth Bates, xiii

Head Girls, 91–92

Height, Dorothy, 228, 312

Hill, Oliver, 140

Hillside Inn (PA), 237–238, 313

Hinson, Shirley Hunt (math aide), 210

Holt, Harry, 38

Hoover, Dorothy (mathematician; scientist)

aeronautical research scientist, 112, 218

GS-13 achieved, 255

West Computer supervisor, 81

working for Robert T. Jones, xvii, 87–88, 112

House, Rufus, 90, 92

Housing Rights Act (1968), 241

Houston, Alice Jackson, 24

Houston, Charles Hamilton

Du Bois as guide, 229

graduate school admission policies, 24

military service, 32

teacher salaries, 70, 74–75

Howard University

female engineering graduates, 144

inaugural master’s in math, 13, 23, 24, 73, 74

Hughes, Howard, 53

Hughes, Langston, 251

Human Computer Project, 267, 268

Hunter, Lessie (West Computer), 40, 264

Huntington, Collis, 38

Huss, Carl, 122, 164, 176, 177, 189, 190, 210

IBM computers

604 and 650 for trajectories, 138

704 FORTRAN, 205–206

709 in Bermuda, 206

7090s at Goddard, 206, 215, 218, 221–222

CO3E software program, 207

Katherine Johnson versus, 220, 223

“Indian” use in book, ix, 45

integration. See desegregation

International Geophysical Year (1957–1958), 162, 175

international view of discrimination, 103–104, 150, 170

Introduction to Celestial Mechanics (Moulton; 1914), 176, 191

Introduction to Outer Space (President’s Advisory Committee on Science; 1958), 175, 305

J. S. Darling and Son, 38, 93

Jackson, Levi, Sr., 260

Jackson, Mahalia, 228, 229

Jackson, Mary Winston (West Computer; engineer)

Apollo capsule testing, 219

Apollo Team Achievement Award, 219

background, 94–98, 112–113, 186

Becker reusable launch vehicle, 163–164

black engineer recruitment, 230, 254

defending her numbers, xvii, 114–115

East Computing assignment, 108–110

electronic computer programming, 254

engineer barrier breaking, 196–199, 200, 219, 255–257

engineering training, 143–145

epilogue, 251, 253–257

Federal Women’s Program Manager, 256–257

Girl Scout leader, 95, 97–98, 108, 109, 198, 256

Gloria Champine and, 257, 258–261

Hampton return, 93–94

Kazimierz Czarnecki hiring, 109–110, 142–143, 254–255

security clearance, 98

son’s soap box derby, 193–195, 199–200

Volunteer of the Year, 254

West Computing, 99, 101, 105, 107–108

Jackson, Wanda, 260

Jacobs, Eastman, 53, 82, 88, 101

Johns, Altona Trent, 20, 33–34

Johns, Barbara, 140–141

Johns, Vernon, 33–34, 140

Johnson, James A., 186–187, 188, 192

Johnson, Janice, 198

Johnson, Katherine Coleman Goble (West Computer; scientist)

Alpha Kappa Alpha conclave, 236–239

“America Is for Everybody” brochure, 227, 228

Apollo 13 crisis, 248–249

awards, 172, 249–250, 314

Azimuth Angle report, 191–192, 211, 220

background, 23–24, 70–72

celebrity, 225, 232, 249–250

Christine Darden welcomed, 231–232

colored bathrooms, 129

on Dorothy Vaughan, 173, 250

epilogue, 249–251

Eunice Smith friendship, 120, 186, 232

Flight Research Division, 122–124, 125–131

graduate studies and desegregation, 25, 75–76

homeowner, 132–133, 185–186

Jimmy Goble’s death, 133–134, 135–136, 186

John Glenn’s trajectory, xvii, 211, 216–217, 219–223, 225

on Margery Hannah, 250

marriage to Jim Johnson, 186, 192

marriage to Jimmy Goble, 74, 76

Mars shot, 246

mentor Claytor, 24, 73, 74

Moon shot, 234, 239, 244–246, 248, 249

NASA to Houston, 210

Piper vs. jet wake, 128

Presidential Medal of Freedom, 172, 250

spaceflight, 164–165, 176, 177–179

spaceflight editorial meetings, 179, 181–182

spaceflight trajectories, 190–191

Sputnik, 161, 162, 164

as teacher, 23–24, 69–70, 74, 119, 120

as Trekkie, 243–244

West Computer, 120–122, 172

Johnson, Kemble, 104–105

Johnson, Leonard “Kansas City,” 12, 276

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