Margot Shetterly: Hidden Figures

Chaffee, Roger, 233

Chambers, Lenoir, 184, 309

Champine, Gloria, 257–261

Cherry, Mary, 16

Civil Rights Act (1964), 240

civil rights movement

astronaut support, 203, 309

Autherine Lucy, 152

bus segregation, 44–45, 168, 202

Civil Rights Act, 240

cost of Moon shot versus, 240–241, 251–252

economic rights and, 6, 103. See also Randolph, A. Philip

Housing Rights Act, 241

Langley progress, 167–168

Lieutenant Uhura, 242–243

March on Washington, 228–229, 312

Martin Luther King Jr., 6, 168, 202, 228, 229, 240, 243

Mary McLeod Bethune, 66, 229

Nina Simone, 156

Poor People’s Campaign, 240–241

Ralph Abernathy, 168, 202, 240–241

sit-ins, 201–202

teacher salaries, 63, 70, 75

Vernon Johns, 33–34, 140

Voting Rights Act, 240

Woolworth’s lunch counter, 201

See also NAACP

civil service

advocate Ruth Bates Harris, xiii

loyalty forms of Truman, 102

merit system reforms, 32–33

Negro applicants, 6–7

oath of office, 1, 37, 274

photos on applications, 6–7, 33, 94

post office job bulletins, 15

Claytor, William Waldron Schieffelin, 24, 73–74

Cohen, Doris

author at NACA, xvii, 85, 290

R. T. Jones partner, 85, 88, 290

Cold War

“Communist” epithet, 66, 101, 102, 103, 170

Cuba, 207, 222

education and, 142, 158

Korean War, 99, 104

Negro treatment and, 103–104, 105

Rosenberg spies, 101

Soviet atomic capability, 98, 152, 301. See also Soviet Union

Sputnik. See Sputniks

US guided missiles, 162

Coleman, Joshua and Joylette, 23, 70–71, 76, 77, 134–135, 245

Coleman, Katherine. See Johnson, Katherine Coleman Goble

Collier Trophy, 99, 110, 111

Colored Computers cafeteria sign, 43–45, 48

cafeteria segregation, 130, 146–147, 169–170

Colored Girls bathroom sign, 8, 43, 44

bathrooms segregated, xv, 48

East Side assignment, 108–109

opting out, 129, 146–147, 179

Soviet influence, 169–170

“colored” use in book, ix

Coltrane, Lucille (scientist), 179–180

Colvin, Claudette, 168

“come-heres” as newcomers, 7

compensation. See salaries

“compressed-air” research, 56, 58

computers (electronic)

Analysis and Computation Division, 204–206, 218–219, 241

Apollo 13 crisis, 248–249

astronaut resistance, 215–217

Bell electronic calculator, 137–138

computational fluid dynamics, 254, 262

“fly-by-wire” Mercury missions, 216

human computers versus, xvii, 138–139, 211, 216–217, 219–223, 225

IBM. See IBM computers

Katherine Johnson versus, xvii, 211, 216–217, 219–223, 225

men in computing, 205

Project Mercury, 205–206, 207

computers (human)

astronauts and, 188–189, 216–217

Colored Computers and Hampton, 47–48

Colored Computers cafeteria sign, 43–45, 48, 130

computers are electronic, 205

defending her numbers, 114–115

Dryden High-Speed Flight Research Center, 84–86

East Computing disbanded, 86, 87, 88, 165, 166, 167, 205

East Computing section, 39, 40, 84, 107–108, 172

electronic computers versus, xvii, 138–139, 211, 216–217, 219–223, 225

expertise over generalists, 165–166

first female computing pool, xvi, 4–5

Flight Research Division assignments, 57, 58–59

Head Girls, 91–92

Human Computer Project, 267, 268

incorporated into divisions, 165

Jewish with Negro friend, 102

Katherine Johnson celebrity, 225, 232, 249–250

Katherine Johnson vs. electronic, xvii, 211, 216–217, 219–223, 225

“math aides” of NASA, 190, 210

mathematicians versus, 143, 229–230. See also mathematicians

men as, 205

Mustangs and Tuskegee airmen, 52

supervisor duties, 89

Virginia Tucker as head computer, 5, 40, 86

West Area segregation, 7, 37, 43–45, 48, 104–105

West Computing boom, 105, 107

West Computing dissolved, 171–173, 204, 218–219

West Computing downsize, 165–167

West Computing section, 39–40, 48–49, 81, 87, 88, 102, 250, 264

“woe unto thee,” 58–59

women as, xvi–xvii, 4–5, 59, 81–82, 83–84, 115, 166, 180

working outside Langley, 289

Cooke, Arminta (West Computer), 171, 204

Cooper, Gordon, 228

Copeland Park (Newport News, VA), 29, 62, 64, 67

Cox, Elbert Frank, 13

Cronkite, Walter, 111, 239–240

Crosby, Bing, 71

Cuba, 207, 222

Curtiss Wright computer pool, 82, 289

Czarnecki, Kazimierz “Kaz,” 109–110, 142–143, 197, 254–255

Darden, Christine (data analyst)

as data analyst, 231–232, 260–261

doctorate in mechanical engineering, 262–263

Hampton Institute, 202–203, 225

Katherine Johnson on, 250

sonic boom research, 261–262

Darling, Frank, 38

Darling processing plant, 38, 93

Darling Stadium, 225

“data analysts” for mathematicians, 259

Davis, Benjamin O., 51

Davis, John W., 72, 74–75

defense industry desegregation, 6, 15–16, 32

Delta Sigma Theta sorority, 40, 105

Dembling, Paul, 170

Derring, Eldridge, 90, 91

desegregation

Brown v. Board of Education, 135, 140–141, 153–154, 157, 304

defense industry, 6, 15–16, 32

Dorothy Vaughan textbook, xvii

“Four Freedoms,” 31

Girl Scouts, 198, 256

graduate school programs, 24–25, 75

Holiday Inn bar, 146

Langley Air Force Base, 168

Little Rock, 150

military, 104

Senator Byrd versus, 141, 168–169, 170, 184–185

universities, 24, 25, 75, 152, 157

Virginia schools, 203, 304, 306

See also segregation

Double V, 35–36

Dryden High-Speed Flight Research Center (CA), 84, 163

Du Bois, W. E. B.

on black treatment, 103

death, 228–229

first Harvard doctorate to black, 13

The Souls of Black Folk, 33, 109

on teaching opportunities, 73–74

Dwight, Ed, 241

Dylan, Bob, 228

Earhart, Amelia, 53

Easley, Annie (scientist), 217–218

Eisenhower, Dwight D.

Introduction to Outer Space, 175, 305

military-industrial complex, 207

National Defense Education Act, 158

peaceful space launch, 162

secret bunker, 151

“small ball in the air,” 152

electronic computers. See computers (electronic)

Engineering, Science, and War Management Training (ESMWT) programs, 46, 142, 283

engineers

black engineers, xiv, 113–114, 145–147, 230

“compressed-air” research, 56, 58

expertise over generalists, 165–166

Federal Women’s Program Manager, 256–257

“fresh-air” research, 57, 58, 122, 127, 298

Mary Winston Jackson, 143–145. See also Jackson, Mary Winston

men uniquely gifted, 257

National Technical Association, 197

“no-air” research, 58, 83, 112

resource on Langley aeronautical, 298

women as, 16, 144, 158, 197–198, 255, 257, 302

women scientists, xvi, 179–180, 257, 305

Enos the chimpanzee, 222

Epps, Eric, 63, 118, 120, 252

Etheridge, Mark, 33

Evans, James C., 73

F for fighter planes, 57

Faget, Maxime, 180, 188

Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC), 6, 33

significance to blacks, 15–16, 32, 66

Fair Employment Practices Within the Federal Establishment (1948), 104

Faubus, Orval, 150

FEPC. See Fair Employment Practices Committee

Ferguson, Robert, 252