Margaret Thatcher - The Path to Power

interests: antique furniture, 103–4; cinema, 14–15; interior decorating, 138; music, 9, 38–9, 66, 77; porcelain, 104, 156; reading, 7, 8, 28–30, 50–2, 56–9, 84–5, 113, 309–10; silver, 103

religion, 5–6, 8–11, 37, 39–40, 105, 554–6, 565, 603

woman in politics, 63, 64, 71, 72, 94, 117, 144, 157, 163, 261

Thatcher, Mark: birth, 80; childhood, 81–2, 99, 101, 102–7; education, 106, 138, 280, 309; election campaign (1974), 238; career, 280, 309; MT’s leadership election, 280; lost in desert, 384; MT’s departure from Downing Street, 465

Thatcher Foundation, 469, 602

Thatcherism, 115

Theosophy, 7

Thomas, Harvey, 441, 458

Thomas, Hugh, Lord, 347, 442

Thomas, J.P L., 65

Thomas, Peter, 144, 202, 285

Thorndike, Sybil, 76, 211

Thorneycroft, Peter: Oxford debate, 48; resignation (1958), 92; MT’s adoption, 98; Party Chairman, 290, 291–2; Heath’s role, 416; The Right Approach to the Economy, 419; ‘Stepping Stones’, 421, 422–3; winter of discontent, 427; election campaign (1979), 440, 442–3, 444, 447, 450–1, 453, 456, 458

Thorpe, Jeremy, 239, 431

three-day working week, 231–2, 311, 414

Tibet: Chinese policies, 530; science and technology, 579

Tindemans, Leo, 338

Tito, Marshal, 369–71, 384

Torrington by-election (1958), 93

Tory Reform Group, 325

trade unions: Conservative manifesto (1950), 70; MT’s attitude to, 109–10; Conservative policy (1960s), 115; Labour government relationship, 138; inflation, 141; reform proposals (1969–70), 160; teachers, 166; Industrial Relations Act, 203–6, 288; Conservative Party relationship, 288–9; Labour Party relationship, 299–300; Shadow Cabinet approach, 301, 310–12, 397; Grunwick dispute, 397–401; referendum proposal, 402–3; incomes policy, 403; winter of discontent (1978–79), 413–14, 419–20, 423, 437, 446; reform proposals (1978–79), 423–5, 427–9, 436–8; general election (1979), 446; reform programme (1980s), 575; membership, 575; Labour policies (1990s), 605

Trades Union Congress (TUC): Declaration of Intent , 138; Industrial Relations Act, 206, 222; incomes policy talks, 219, 223–4, 226, 403, 413; General Strike call (1972), 222; miners’ dispute (1974), 232; Prior’s relationship, 289, 311–12; MT’s meeting (1977), 312; Soviet visitors, 349, 400

transport, public expenditure, 573

Transport and General Workers’ Union (TGWU), 222, 420

Treasury, 92, 118, 179, 191, 199, 220, 225

Trend, Sir Burke, 194

Trevor-Roper, Hugh, 580n

Truman, Harry S., 54

Tuohy, Denis, 454

Turkey, response to Bosnia, 515

TV Eye , 454

Tynan, Kenneth, 38

U-turns, 188, 196, 198, 206–7, 215, 236

Uganda: expulsion of Asians, 212; economy, 589

Ukraine: MT’s visit (1990), 509; economy, 590

Ulster Unionists, 238, 327–8, 431

underclass, 544, 561, 599

unemployment: in 1930s, 23, 71, 118; election issue (1950), 71; attitudes to (1960s), 115, 118; rise (1971), 213; role of inflation, 213, 567; UCS, 213–14; fall (1973), 225; reaches one million, 256; public opinion polls, 299; rise and fall (1977–78), 409; ‘Labour Isn’t Working’ campaign, 411; rise (1992), 578; protectionist solution, 597

United Nations (UN), 56, 91, 511, 516, 533, 534–5

United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), 517

United States of America: Suez crisis, 88, 89–90, 91; trade with, 127; MT’s visit (1967), 153–4; détente policy, 348–9; MT’s visit (1975), 357–60; Carter Administration, 364–7; MT’s visits (after 1990), 468; special relationship, 469, 499; role, 472, 510–11; European policy, 473–4, 476–7; Gulf War, 474, 511; Bosnia, 516; nuclear defence of Japan, 520, 521; Reagan doctrine, 527–8; crime rate, 541–2; underclass, 544, 599; crime research, 552; Constitution, 553–4; Workfare, 560; Reaganism, 578–9; model of capitalist system, 594

universities, 186–7

Upper Clyde Shipbuilders (UCS), 213–14, 219

Utley, Peter, 114, 252, 273, 427, 442

Valtin, Jan, 29, 57–8

Van Den Haag, Ernest, 558

Van Straubenzee, William (Bill), 165, 187

Vance, Cyrus, 367

Varley, Eric, 312

Vassall, William John, 126

Venice, history, 580

Venice Declaration (1980), 476

Vietnam war, 349

Villiers, Philippe de, 494

Vinson, Nigel, 252

Volcker, Paul, 596

wage freeze (1966), 139, 160

Wages Councils, 575

Walden, Brian, 402, 423–4, 429, 444

Wales, devolution, 321, 323, 430–2

Walker, Peter: relationship with Heath, 201–2; Environment, 202; local government reforms, 202; DTI, 224; manifesto (October 1974), 246–7; leadership election campaign, 274; MT’s Shadow Cabinet rejection, 289–90; income policy, 300, 302; devolution issue, 326

Walker-Smith, Derek, 210

Walley, John, 123

Walsall North by-election (1976), 319

Walters, Alan, 221, 254, 299, 303, 567

Ward, Alison, 269, 293

Ward, George, 397

Ward, Irene, 81

Warrender, Sir Victor (Lord Bruntisfield), 25, 33

Warsaw Pact, 362, 531, 532

water: charges, 247; privatization, 574

Webley, Simon, 252

Wedgwood Benn, see Benn

Weekend World , 402, 423–4, 425

Weighell, Sid, 446

welfare dependency, 538, 543–8, 559–60, 599

Welfare State: creation, 46, 47, 543; election issue, 71, 411; Conservative policy (1954), 87; growth, 148

Welsh Nationalists, 430–2

Welsh Party Conference (1975), 302

Wesley, John, 10, 105

Wesley’s Chapel, City Road, 11, 76

Western European Union (WEU), 475, 495

Westminster, Palace of, 107–8

Wheeler, Morris, 68

White, Eirene, 117

Whitelaw, William: in Heath’s Cabinet, 201; Employment Secretary, 231; miners’ strike (1974), 235; general election (February 1974), 235–6; Conservative manifesto (October 1974), 247, 249; leadership election (1975), 277–80; Deputy Leadership, 284–5; Thorneycroft connection, 291; incomes policy, 303, 304; Conference (1975), 307; Shadow Home Secretary, 310; devolution issue, 322, 326; EC referendum, 330–1, 335; immigration policy, 407, 409; Stepping Stones discussions, 421, 422; fall of Labour government, 432–3; election campaign (1979), 444, 447

Whitlam, Gough, 386

Whitman, Walt, 19

Whittingdale, John, 465

Why Britain Needs a Social Market Economy , 253

Wilberforce, Lord, 215, 218–19

Wilcox, Ella Wheeler, 7

Wilde, Oscar, 478

Williams, H. Gladys, 18

Williams, Sir Herbert, 71

Williams, Lady, 71

Williams, Shirley, 398, 428, 445

Wilson, Harold: childhood photograph outside No. 10, 10; Leader of Labour Party, 128; economics, 130; general election (1966), 137; ‘Swinging Britain’, 153; ‘Selsdon Man’ attack, 160; general election (1970), 161; ‘social contract’, 236; general election (1974), 238; MT’s leadership election, 284; Commons debate with MT, 297; incomes policy, 304; resignation, 312–13, 336, 419; EC referendum, 335

Wilson, James Q., 542n, 557n

Wilson, Woodrow, 520

Winning, Norman, 79

Winter of Discontent (1978–79): Conservative relations with TUC, 312; Callaghan’s role, 313, 419–20, 444; Conservative trade union policy, 423; MT’s offer to Labour government, 427–9, 453; picketing, 437; general election (1979), 446, 452–3, 604

Wolff, Michael, 249

Wolfson, David, 293, 441

Wood, Richard, 119, 123

Woodhouse School, 172, 459

Woolton, Lord, 65

Woolwich West by-election (1975), 343

Workfare, 560

Workington by-election (1976), 319

World Bank, 56, 588

World in Action , 276, 408

World War, First, 25, 118, 522

World War, Second, 23–34, 41–4, 522