Я. Ившин - Metal Corrosion. Electroplating (Защита от металлов от коррозии. Гальванотехника)

4. MIC has been observed as one of the major causes of underground pipeline corrosion.

5. Sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) have been reported to be responsible for extensive corrosion in hydrocarbon industry.

6. There are other types of corrosion-enhancing bacteria such as iron-reducing bacteria, iron-oxidizing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, methanogenic bacteria and so on.

7. New technologies that may assist mitigation are basically based on using certain biological technologies (such as use of “good” bacteria against corrosion-related bacteria).

8. Almost all known engineering materials (from carbon steel to stainless and duplex stainless steels and also non-ferrous metals such as copper alloys and non-metals such as some polymers and concrete) are susceptible to MIC.

9. Gas velocity and temperature in the pipeline play a significant role in determining if and where corrosion damage may occur.

10. Accelerated Low Water Corrosion (ALWC) is a particularly aggressive form of MIC that affects steel piles in seawater near the low water tide mark.

12 . Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Биокоррозия (от греч. bios – жизнь и позднелат. corrosio – разъедание) – разрушение конструкционных материалов и противокоррозионных защитных покрытий под действием присутствующих в среде микроорганизмов (бактерий, грибов, водорослей, дрожжей).

2. Биокоррозия подразделяется на бактериальную и микологическую.

3. Наиболее опасными микроорганизмами являются бактерии, так как они быстро размножаются и легко приспосабливаются к условиям окружающей среды.

4. Благоприятными условиями для развития плесени является температура 25–35 °C и повышенная влажность воздуха, превышающая 75 %.

5. В процессе жизнедеятельности микроорганизмов образуются продукты обмена веществ, повышающие коррозионную активность среды (минеральные и органические кислоты, щелочи, пероксиды и др.)

6. Алюминиевые сплавы – одни из наиболее устойчивых к коррозии конструкционных материалов. Однако и они подвержены биокоррозии.

7. Биокоррозия металлов может быть вызвана действием сульфатовосстанавливающих бактерий.

8. Предполагается, что бактерии замещают и поглощают водород, образуя очаги, на анодных участках которых происходит усиленная коррозия металла.

9. Анаэробная коррозия приносит огромный ущерб нефтегазовой промышленности (трубопроводы, емкости для хранения и транспорта нефтепродуктов).

10. Для объяснения процесса коррозии в анаэробных условиях Кюр и Флюгт предложили следующие реакции: анодную, катодную, катодную деполяризацию при участии бактерий, образование продуктов коррозии.

13 . Translate the following word combinations.

Cульфатовосстанавливающие бактерии – stainless steel – скорость потока газов – hydrogen sulfide – органические кислоты – suitable environments – аэробные условия – proliferate – медные сплавы – high humidity – полимеры – structural materials – минеральные кислоты – single-celled organisms – катодная деполяризация – formation of biofilms.

14 . Give the definitions of the words and word combinations.

1. Microbe is …

2. Sludge is …

3. Microbial flora is…

4. Velocity is …

5. Synergetics is …

15 . Give the example(s) of the microbial corrosion.

16 . Answer the following questions using texts from Unit 3.

1. What does microbial corrosion mean?

2. What types of microbiological corrosion do you know?

3. What are the predominant types of bacteria associated with microbial corrosion?

4. Describe anaerobic corrosion.

17 . Summarize the general ideas developed in all the texts of the Unit 3.

1 . Read the international words, guess their meanings and give the Russian equivalents.

Temperature, atmospheric, industry, salt, characterize, system, chloride, aggressive, factor, material, sulphide, synergistic, parameter, conventional, function, manner, transferable.

2 . Read and translate the following verbs.

To classify, to attack, to expose, to increase, to promote, to contain, to contribute, to influence, to suffer, to comprise, to lead to, to correlate, to restrict, to find, to transfer, to know.

3 . Match the English phrases from column A with the Russian phrases in column B.

4 . Read and translate the text. Summarize it in Russian.

Atmospheric corrosion accounts for more failures on both a tonnage basis and cost basis than any other type of environmental corrosion. Tremendous amounts of steel in automobiles, bridges ad buildings are exposed to the atmosphere and attacked by oxygen and water. The corrosion severity is increased when salt, sulfur compounds and other atmospheric contaminants are present. Atmospheric environments can be classified as: industrial, marine, rural, indoor.

Industrial environments contain sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, and other acidic agents that can promote the corrosion of metals. In addition, industrial environments contain a heavier loading of airborne particles, which also contribute to corrosion. Marine environments are characterized by the presence of chloride, an ion that is particularly detrimental to the corrosion behavior of many metals systems. Rural environments are the least corrosive of the atmospheric environments, being characterized by lower levels of acidic compounds and other aggressive species.

The principal factors influencing atmospheric corrosion for a given metal are moisture, temperature and the presence of contaminants in the environment. (From www.researchgate.net) .

5 . Read the text again. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.

1. Urban environments are the least corrosive of the atmospheric environments.

2. The main factors influencing atmospheric corrosion for a given metal are pressure, velocity and temperature and the presence of contaminants in the environment.