James Farrer - Military Manners and Customs

See even the Annual Register , lvi. 184, for a denunciation of this proceeding.

Sismondi’s Hist. des Français , xxv.

Edwards’s Germans in France , 171.

Lieut-Col. Charras, La Campagne de 1815 , i. 211, ii. 88.

Woolsey’s International Law , p. 223.

Cf. lib. xii. 81, and xiii. 25, 26; quoted by Grotius, iii. xi. xiii.

iii. 41.

Cambridge Essays , 1855, ‘Limitations to Severity in War,’ by C. Buxton.

See Raumer’s Geschichte Europa’s , iii. 509-603, if any doubt is felt about the fact.

General Order of October 9, 1813. Compare those of May 29, 1809, March 25, 1810, June 10, 1812, and July 9, 1813.

Vattel, iii. ix. 165.

Sir W. Napier ( Peninsular War , ii. 322) says of the proceeding that it was ‘politic indeed, yet scarcely to be admitted within the pale of civilised warfare.’ It occurred in May 1810.

Bluntschli’s Modernes Völkerrecht , art. 573.

For the character of modern war see the account of the Franco-German war in the Quarterly Review for April 1871.

Halleck, ii. 22.

Vehse’s Austria , i. 369. Yet, as usual on such occasions, the excesses were committed in the teeth of Tilly’s efforts to oppose them.

‘Imperavit Tillius a devictorum cædibus et corporum castimonia abstinerent, quod imperium a quibusdam furentibus male servatum annales aliqui fuere conquesti.’ – Adlzreiter’s Annales Boicæ Gentis, Part iii. l. 16, c. 38.

Battles in the Peninsular War , 181, 182.

Ibid. 396.

Foxe’s Actes and Monuments, iii. 52.

Saint-Palaye, Mémoires sur la Chevalerie, iii. 10, 133.

Vinsauf’s Itinerary of Richard I., ii. 16.

Matthew of Westminster, 460; Grose, ii. 348.

Monstrelet, ii. 115.

Mémoires sur la Chevalerie, i. 322.

Petitot, v. 102; and Ménard, Vie de B. du Guesclin, 440.

Petitot, v. 134.

Meyrick, Ancient Armour, ii. 5.

i. 123.

Monstrelet, i. 259.

ii. 5.

ii. 11.

ii. 22, compare ii. 56.

Monstrelet, ii. 111.

ii. 113.

See for some, Livy, xxix. 8, xxxi. 26, 30, xxxvii. 21, xliii. 7, xliv. 29.

Livy, xliv. 29.

Meyrick, i. 41.

Demmin, Encyclopédie d’Armurerie , 490.

Meyrick, ii. 204.

Grose, ii. 114.

Petitot, xvi. 134.

Grose, ii. 343.

iv. 27.

iv. 36.

iii. 109.

Mémoires , vi. 1.

Halleck, International Law , ii. 154.

Elements of Morality , sec. 1068.

Des Droits et Devoirs des Nations neutres , ii. 321-323.

History of the Royal Navy , i. 357.

Nicolas, ii. 341.

Nicolas, ii. 405.