Andrew Lang - Social Origins and Primal Law

See again Durkheim, in L'Année Sociologique , i. 47-57, on the superstition as to blood, and the totem as a sacred representative of the inviolable blood of the kindred. That superstition gives religious sanction to a pre-existing exogamous tendency.

Totemism , p. 60 (1889).

Totemism , p. 62.

The people of New Britain group of islands are divided into two exogamous sets. The totems of these classes are two insects, but I incline to suppose that there are, or may have been, totem kins included within these totemic classes. Our informant, the Rev. B. Danks, regrets that he did not pay more attention to these matters. J. A. I. xviii. 281-294.

On the other hand, among the Mohegans, I can admit that Little Turtle, Mud Turtle, and Great Turtle may be deliberate subdivisions of the Turtle totem, now a phratry, but even this need not necessarily be the case; the different species of turtles being quite capable of giving names to different totems. I would not deny the possibility of the occasional segmentation of a totem group – far from it – but I doubt whether great tribes originally (and, as it seems, deliberately) first bisected themselves, and then cut up the two main divisions.

My italics.

J. A. I. , N.S. i. 278.

Ibid . p. 282.

Mr. Mathews counts thirty-four totems in the Dilbi , and as many in the Rupathin 'phratries.' Proc. Ray. Soc. N.S.W. xxxi. 157-158.

J. A. I. , N.S. i. 284-285.

Studies in Ancient History , second series, p. 605.

Local totem groups, in my theory.

Brough Smyth, Aborigines of Victoria , i. 423-424.

On the Organisation of Australian Tribes , p. 186.

I know that many students will decline to admit that there is such a myth of a Maker.

Report of Bureau of Ethnology , 1892-1893, pt. i. pp. 32-43.

Natives of Central Australia , pp. 12-15.

Ibid . pp. 15, 421-422, also p. 272.

Here I dissent from Mr. Frazer and Messrs. Spencer and Gillen; the point is discussed later.

Fortnightly Review , June 1889.

In 1895, J. A. I. xxiv., no. 4, p. 371, Mr. Fison abandons hope of a certain discovery of the origin of exogamy.

Fortnightly Review , April, May, 1899.

Spencer and Gillen, pp. 68, 69, 121.

Ibid . p. 70.

Ibid . p. 10.

See 'The Origin of Totemism,' infra .

L'Année Sociologique , 1900-1901, pp. 82-121.

Ibid . v. 89-90.

Totemism , p. 83.

L'Année Sociologique , v. 92.

Spencer and Gillen, p. 419.

J. A. I. , N.S., i. 285.

Spencer and Gillen, p. 120.