Frederic III., 1314.
Louis IV., 1330.
Edward Baliol, 1332.
David II. (again), 1342.
Charles IV., 1347.
Robert II., 1370.
France .
Charles IV., 1322.
Philip VI., 1328.
John I., 1355.
Charles V., 1364.
Scotland .
Robert Bruce, 1306.
David II., 1330.
Edward Baliol, 1332.
David II. (again), 1342.
Robert II., 1370.
RICHARD II
began his reign 21st June, 1377, ended 29th Sept. 1399
Popes .
Gregory XI., 1370.
Urban VI., 1378.
Boniface IX., 1389.
Emperors of the East.
John VI., 1355.
Emanuel II., 1391.
Emperors of the West .
Charles IV., 1347.
Weneslaus, 1378.
France .
Charles V., 1364.
Charles VI., 1380.
Scotland .
Robert II., 1370.
Robert III., 1390.
(House of Lancaster.)
HENRY IV
began his reign 29th Sept. 1399, ended 20th March, 1413
Popes .
Boniface IX., 1389.
Innocent VII., 1404.
Emperors of the West .
Weneslaus, 1378.
Popes .
Gregory XII. 1406.
Alexander V. 1409.
John XXIII. 1410.
Emperor of the East .
Emanuel II., 1391.
Emperors of the West .
Robert le Pet, 1400.
Sigismund, 1410.
France .
Charles VI., 1380.
Scotland .
Robert III., 1390.
HENRY V
began his reign 20th March, 1413, ended 31st August, 1422
Popes .
John XXIII. 1410.
Martin V., 1417.
Emperor of the East .
Emanuel II., 1391.
Emperor of the West .
Sigismund, 1410.
France .
Charles VI., 1380.
Charles VII. 1422.
Scotland .
Robert III., 1390.
HENRY VI
began his reign 31st August, 1422, ended 4th March, 1461
Popes .
Martin V., 1417.
Eugenius IV. 1431.
Nicholas V., 1447.
Galixus III. 1455.
Pius II., 1458.
Emperors of the East .
Emanuel II., 1391.
John VII., 1426.
Constantine III., last emperor 1448.
Emperors of the West .
Sigismund, 1410.
Albert II., 1438.
Frederic IV., 1440.
France .
Charles VII. 1422.
Louis XI., 1440.
Scotland .
Robert III., 1390.
James I., 1424.
James II., 1437.
James III., 1440.
(House of York.)
EDWARD IV
began his reign 4th March, 1461, ended 9th April, 1483
Popes .
Pius II., 1458.
Paul II., 1464.
Sixtus IV., 1471.
Emperor of the West .
Frederic IV., 1440.
France .
Louis XI., 1440.
Scotland .
James III., 1440.
EDWARD V
began his reign 9th April, 1483, ended 22nd June, 1483
Contemporaries as the last reign
RICHARD III
began his reign 22nd June, 1483, ended 22nd August, 1485
Contemporaries again, as before
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An account of the original instigator of the Crusades will be found in vol. viii. of the MIRROR, page 232.
The Turks generally show some regard to real piety and valour.