Роберт Сапольски - Психология стресса

H. , “Individuals with sociopathic behavior caused by frontal damage fail to respond autonomically to social stimuli,” Behavioural Brain Research 41 (1990): 81.

Глава 16. Наркоманы, адреналиновые наркоманы и удовольствие

С. 380. Blakemore, S., Wolpert, D., and Frith, C., “Why can’t you tickle yourself?” NeuroReport 11 (2000): R11. Секс и его влияние на уровни глюкокортикоидов: Woodson, J., Macintosh, D., Fleshner, M., and Diamond, D., “Emotion-induced amnesia in rats: working memory-specific impairment, corticosterone-memory correlation, and fear versus arousal effects on memory,” Learning and Memory 10 (2003): 326.

С. 382. Дофамин и внешний/прилегающий проводящие пути: хорошие, хотя и откровенно специальные обзоры могут быть найдены в Kelley, A., and Berridge, K., “The neuroscience of natural rewards: relevance to addictive drugs,” Journal of Neuroscience 22 (2002): 3306-11; Koob, G. F., “Allostatic view of motivation: implications for psychopathology” в Bevins, R., and Bardo, M. T., eds., Motivational Factors in the Etiology of Drug Abuse, Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, vol. 50 (Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press), in press.

С. 383. Исследования Шульца: Schultz, W., Tremblay, L., and Holerman, J., “Reward processing in primate orbitofrontal cortex and basal ganglia,” Cerebral Cortex 10 (2000): 272; Waelti, P., Dickinson, A., and Schultz, W., “Dopamine responses comply with basic assumptions of formal learning theory,” Nature 412 (2001): 43.

С. 385. Исследования Филипса: Phillips, P., Stuber, G., Heien, M., Wightman, R., and Carelli, R., “Subsecond dopamine release promotes cocaine seeking,” Nature 422

(2003) : 614.

С. 385. Недавнее исследование, выполненное Шульцем: Fiorillo, C., Tobler, P., and Schultz, W., “Discrete coding of reward probability and uncertainty by dopamine neurons,” Science 299 (2003): 1998; это и предыдущее исследование обсуждаются в Sapolsky, R., “The pleasures (and pain) of ‘maybe,’” Natural History (September 2003): 22.

С. 386. Исследование истинной любви описано в Helmuth, L., “Caudate-over-heels in love,” Science 302 (2003): 1320.

С. 387. Игры у животных: Spinka, M., Newberry, R., and Bekoff, M., “Mammalian play: training for the unexpected,” Quarterly Review of Biology 76 (2001): 141. Хороший обзор различий между вызовом (т. е. стимулированием) и угрозой см. в Epel, E., McEwen, B., and Ockovics, J., “Embodying psychological thriving: physical thriving in response to stress,” Journal of Social Issues 54 (1998): 301.

С. 387. Глюкокортикоиды и дофамин: Piazza, P., and Le Moal, M., “Glucocorticoids as a biological substrate of reward: physiological and pathophysiological implications,” Brain Research Reviews 25 (1997): 359; Rouge-Pont, F., Abrous, D., Le Moal, M., and Piazza, P., “Release of endogenous dopamine in cultured mesencephalic neurons: influence of dopaminergic agonists and glucocorticoid antagonists,” European Journal of Neuroscience 1 (1999): 2343; Piazza, P., and Le Moal, M., “The role of stress in drug self-administration,” Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 19 (1998): 6; Deroche-Gamonet, V., Sillaber, I., Aouizerate, B., Izawa, R., Jaber, M., Ghozland, S., Kellendonk, C., Le Moal, M., Spanagel, R., Schutz, G., Tronche, F., and Piazza, P. V., “The glucocorticoid receptor as a potential target to reduce cocaine abuse,” Journal of Neuroscience 23 (2003): 4785.

Стресс и истощение дофамина: Gambarana, C., Masi, F., Tagliamonte, A., Scherggi,

S., Ghiglieri, O., and De Monti, M., “A chronic stress that impairs reactivity in rats also decreases dopaminergic transmission in the nucleus accumbens: a microdialysis study,”

Journal of Neurochemistry 72 (1999): 2039. Стресс и выделение дофамина миндалевидным телом: Wolak, M., Gold, P., and Chrousos, G., “Stress system: emphasis on CRF in physiologic stress responses and the endocrinopathies of melancholic and atypical depression,” Endocrine Reviews 11 (2002), in press.

С. 389. Нейроны, нечувствительные к дофаминовым сигналам: Ding, Y., Chi, H., Grady, D., Morishima, A., Kidd, J., Kidd, K., Flodman, P., Spence, M., Schuck, S., Swanson, J., Zhang, Y., and Moyzis, M., “Evidence of positive selection acting at the human dopamine receptor D4 gene locus,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99 (2002): 309.

С. 390. Общие свойства различных вредных зависимостей: Holden, C., “‘Behavioral’ addictions; Do they exist?” Science 294 (2001): 980. Обсуждение вопроса о том, действительно ли нейробиология вредных зависимостей применима в совершенно другой области, см. в Insel, T., “Is social attachment an addictive disorder?” Physiology and Behavior 79 (2003): 351.

С. 390. Корреляция между активацией проводящих путей и субъективным удовольствием: Stein, Elliott, lecture, University of Wisconsin, April 2002. Abbott, A., “Addicted,” Nature 419 (2002): 872.

С. 391. Противоположный процесс: Ahmed, S., Lin, D., Koob, G., and Parsons, L., “Escalation of cocaine self-administration does not depend on altered cocaineinduced nucleus accumbens dopamine levels,” Journal of Neurochemistry 86 (2003): 102.

С. 392. Эндогенные опиаты и «желание»: Kelley and Berridge, op. cit.

С. 393. Зависимый от контекста рецидив: Grimm, J., Hope, B., Wise, R., and Shaham, Y., “Incubation of cocaine craving after withdrawal,” Nature 412 (2001): 141; Schulteis,

G. , Ahmed, S., Morse, A., Koob, G., and Everitt, B., “Conditioning and opiate withdrawal,” Nature 405 (2000): 1013.

С. 393. Потенциация проекций на дофаминовые нейроны: Ungless, M., Whistler, J., Malenka, R., and Bonci, A., “Single cocaine exposure in vivo induces LTP in dopamine neurons,” Nature 411 (2001): 583; Bao, S., Chan, V., and Merzenich, M., “Cortical remodeling induced by activity of ventral tegmental dopamine neurons,” Nature 412

(2001) : 79; Nestler, E., “Total recall — the memory of addiction,” Science 292 (2001): 2266; Hyman, S., and Malenka, R., “Addiction and the brain: the neurobiology of compulsion and its persistence,” Nature Neuroscience 2 (2001): 695. Электростимуляция проводящего пути: Vorel, S., Liu, X., Hayes, R., Spector, J., and Gardner, E., “Relapse to cocaine-seeking after hippocampal theta burst stimulation,” Science 292

(2001) : 1175.

С. 394. Алкоголь повышает уровни глюкокортикоидов: Taylor, A., and Pilati, M., “Alcohol, alcoholism and stress: a psychobiological perspective,” in Fink, G., ed., Encyclopedia of Stress (San Diego: Academic Press, 2000), vol. 1: 131; алкоголь ослабляет влияние КРГ: Valdez, G. R., Roberts, A. J., Chan, K., Davis, H., Brennan, M., Zorrilla, E. P., and Koob, G. F., “Increased ethanol self-administration and anxietylike behavior during acute withdrawal and protracted abstinence: regulation by corticotropin-releasing factor,” Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 26