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11. Booz Allen as the “shadow intelligence community” is reported in Tim Shorrock, Spies for Hire: The Secret World of Intelligence Outsourcing . New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008, p. 47. See his Chapter 2, “Booz Allen Hamilton and the ‘Shadow IC’” (pp. 38-71).

See also: Drake Bennett and Michael Riley, “Booz Allen, the World’s Most Profitable Spy Organization.” Bloomberg BusinessWeek, June 20, 2013 (http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-06-20/booz-allen-the-worlds-most-profitable-spy-organization#p1).

12. Bennett and Riley, op. cit. See also Booz Allen Hamilton, “Excellence At Work: Fiscal Year 2013 Annual Report.” Booz Allen Hamilton, June 21, 2013 (http://www.boozallen.com/content/dam/boozallen/media/file/Booz-Allen-FY13-annual-report.pdf).

13. Washington Post Investigation, “Top Secret America.” Washington Post, http://projects.washingtonpost.com/top-secret-america/companies/booz-allen-hamilton/print/

Vault ranked Booz Allen number one in public-sector consulting in 2013 and 2014 and number three in defense consulting (Vault Career Intelligence , “Company Reviews & Rankings: Best Consulting Firms.” Vault, http://www.vault.com/company-rankings/consulting/best-firms-in-each-practice-area/?sRankID=279).

14. According to Bloomberg BusinessWeek , “About 70 percent of the 2013 U.S. intelligence budget is contracted out, according to a Bloomberg Industries analysis; the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) says almost a fifth of intelligence personnel work in the private sector” (Drake Bennett and Michael Riley, “Booz Allen, the World’s Most Profitable Spy Organization.” Bloomberg BusinessWeek, June 20, 2013 [http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-06-20/booz-allen-the-worlds-most-profitable-spy-organization#p1]).

15. With regard to the percentage of Booz’s business from government contracts, for the fiscal year that closed in March 2013, the percentage is 99 (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, “Booz Allen Hamilton: Prospectus Supplement,” February 12, 2014 [http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1443646/000119312514054835/d674987d424b4.htm]).

The company’s 2013 annual report states: “For fiscal year 2013, 2012, and 2011, approximately 99%, 98%, and 97% respectively, of the Company’s revenue was generated from contracts with U.S. government agencies or other U.S. government contractors” (Booz Allen Fiscal Year 2013 Annual Report, p. 64 [http://www.boozallen.com/media/file/Booz-Allen-FY13-annual-report.pdf]).

With regard to the portion of Booz’s annual revenue that comes from U.S. intelligence and military agencies, see David Sanger and Nicole Perlroth, “After Profits, Defense Contractor Faces the Pitfalls of Cybersecurity.” New York Times, June 15, 2013 (http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/16/us/after-profits-defense-contractor-faces-the-pitfalls-of-cybersecurity.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0); and Binyamin Appelbaum and Eric Lipton, “Leaker’s Employer is Paid to Maintain Government Secrets.” New York Times, June 9, 2013 (http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/10/us/booz-allen-grew-rich-on-government-contracts.html?_r=0).

About one quarter of Booz’s business came from intelligence contracts in the fiscal year ended in March 2013 (Drake Bennett and Michael Riley, “Booz Allen, the World’s Most Profitable Spy Organization.” Bloomberg BusinessWeek, June 20, 2013 [http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-06-20/booz-allen-the-worlds-most-profitable-spy-organization#p1]).

16. As the Washington Post explains, for “the fiscal year ended March 31, 2010, the company reported operating income of less than $200 million on revenue of $5.1 billion, as almost every dollar it brought in went out the door to employees. In the three years since, revenue has risen only modestly to $5.8 billion, but operating income has more than doubled to $446 million. In other words, sales are rising slowly, but profit margins rose dramatically. That explains how bottom line earnings went from $25 million in fiscal 2010 to almost nine times that in 2013.” Neil Irwin, “Seven Facts About Booz Allen Hamilton.” Washington Post, June 10, 2013 (http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/06/10/seven-facts-about-booz-allen-hamilton/).

17. Booz leases 3.2 million square feet of office space across many facilities, which is more space than the Empire State Building (Neil Irwin, op. cit.). In 2010, Booz had more than 16,000 employees in the Washington area alone. Marjorie Censer, “Booz Allen Hamilton by the numbers.” Washington Post, November 22, 2010 (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/19/AR2010111906280.html).

18. With regard to Snowden’s salary: Booz Allen, “Booz Allen Statement on Reports of Leaked Information.” Press release, June 11, 2013 (http://www.boozallen.com/media-center/press-releases/48399320/statement-reports-leaked-information-060913).

This figure appears to be considerably higher than that of your average systems analyst (see: Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Occupational Employment and Wages: Computer Systems Analysts.” U.S. Department of Labor, May 2013 [http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes151121.htm#ind]; http://work.chron.com/average-salary-computer-system-analysts-8853.html; and Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Occupation Outlook Handbook: Computer Systems Analysts.” U.S. Department of Labor, January 8, 2014 [http://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/computer-systems-analysts.htm]).

19. See Tim Shorrock, Spies for Hire: The Secret World of Intelligence Outsourcing . New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008. Chapter 2, “Booz Allen Hamilton and the ‘Shadow IC,’” p. 39.

20. Mark Mazzetti and David E. Sanger, “Bush Announces Pick for Intelligence Post.” New York Times, January 5, 2007 (http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/05/washington/05cnd-intel.html?hp&ex=1168059600&en=ccb62c6b48201e10&ei=5094&partner=homepage&_r=0).

21. Glenn Greenwald, “Mike McConnell, the WashPost & the dangers of sleazy corporatism.” Salon, March 29, 2010 (http://www.salon.com/2010/03/29/mcconnell_3/).

22. Siobhan Gorman, “McConnell to Return to Booz Allen.” Wall Street Journal, January 27, 2009 (http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB123301068820817223).

23. INSA’s 2011 tax documents.

24. See: “INSA: An Alliance of Expertise and Experience,” http://www.insaonline.org/i/a/i/a/index2.aspx?hkey=10d3ba7c-b95b-4298-9cdb-8cb4a343e161; and INSA, “Robust Public-Private Partnership Essential to our National Security,” Statement Regarding the Nation’s Security Infrastructure, Press Release, June 13, 2013, http://www.insaonline.org/i/f/pr/07.12.13_PublicPrivatePartnership.aspx.

See also Glenn Greenwald, op. cit.

25. Besides Clapper and McConnell, the company has employed top executives who previously served in key positions in intelligence agencies (James Woolsey, who headed the CIA; as well as Joan Dempsey, Melissa Hathaway, Richard Wilhelm, and Dov Zakheim).

The company also has had a number of former defense and intelligence officials on its board (http://www.boozallen.com/about/leadership). See also: Julian Borger, “Booz Allen Hamilton: Edward Snowden’s US Contracting Firm.” The Guardian , June 9, 2013 (http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/09/booz-allen-hamilton-edward-snowden).

26. Shane Harris, The Watchers: The Rise of America’s Surveillance State . Penguin Press: New York, 2010, pp. 194-195.

27. Ibid., pp. 193-195.

28. Harris portrays McConnell, talking to Clapper, considering a return to DNI as a matter of timing and community: “Was this the right time to come back? Could they make a difference, get real work done and put the community back on track?” (Ibid., p. 324.)