Anthony Summers - The Eleventh Day

47 “whisked”/refueled:bin Ladens & Sasson, 139–, 142, 309. Other accounts have suggested that the plane was allowed to refuel in Qatar. The authors have deferred to what Omar bin Laden—who was there—said. According to him, the plane stopped to refuel at Shiraz, in Iran (Coll, Ghost Wars , 325);

48 “Our plane”:bin Ladens & Sasson, 180–, Asia Times , 11/28/01;

49 Jalalabad:bin Ladens & Sasson, 149–, CR, 65;

50 desolate/“new home”/“I was put”:bin Ladens & Sasson, 150–, 156, 161, 174—, 176–;

51 cabin:Atwan, 28, Bergen, Holy War Inc. , 93;

52 Kalashnikov:bin Ladens & Sasson, 165;

53 tapes/fax:int. Dr. Flagg Miller, Univ. of Calif.;

54 satellite phone:Bamford, Shadow Factory , 8, Gunaratna, 141;

55 dictating:bin Ladens & Sasson, 165;

56 fax transmission:int. Abdel Bari Atwan, Atwan, 53;

57 “summit”/hundreds of thousands:Flagg Miller, “On ‘The Summit of the Hindu Kush’: Osama bin Laden’s 1996 Declaration of War Reconsidered,” unpub. ms. courtesy of Miller.

58 “Declaration”:full text, “Ladenese Epistle: Declaration of War,” Pts. I, II, III, www.washingtonpost.com [web only], 9/21/01. Though often described as a fatwa, the declaration seems not to fit the usual meaning of that word—“a ruling on a point of Islamic law given by a recognized authority” (worldnetweb.princeton.edu/​perl/​webwn);

59 KSM-Atef meeting:CR, 148.

60 traveled together:The authors suggest that the travel together may have been to Bosnia, because—as noted earlier in this chapter—bin Laden and KSM are both known to have made visits there during that period (JI, Report, 313).

61 KSM proposal/​“theater”/​“Why do you”:KSM SUBST, CR, 148–, 153–, 489n11–14, Tenet, 251. The source of this second version of the proposal, citing bin Laden’s supposed retort, was reportedly Abu Zubaydah—another senior aide to bin Laden (CR 491n35, JI, Report, 130);

62 “would not focus”:KSM SUBST;

63 OBL priority:Tenet, 248.

64 “not convinced”:KSM SUBST. Bin Laden did, however, invite KSM to join al Qaeda, he told the CIA. He demurred, he said, because he wanted to retain the ability to approach other terrorist groups (CR 154).

65 video of Twin Towers, etc.:“The Fifth Estate: War Without Borders,” www.cbc.ca, AP, 7/17/02, CR, 530n145, AP, 7/17/02. The filming in the United States was done in 1997 by a Syrian living in Spain named Ghasoub al-Abrash Ghalyoun, who was arrested after 9/11. According to the Spanish Interior Ministry, “the style and duration of the recordings far exceed tourist curiosity.” Spanish investigators believed that an al Qaeda courier delivered copies of the tapes to Afghanistan (AP, 7/17/02, CR, 530n145, “The Fifth Estate: War Without Borders,” www.cbc.ca).

66 “to study”:KSM SUBST.

67 “individuals”:Statement of Eleanor Hill, 2/17/02, JI. The 9/11 Commission noted that there had been significant radical Islamic activity in Arizona prior to 9/11. The Islamic Center of Tucson was a branch of the Office of Services, long since established by bin Laden and Abdullah Azzam in Pakistan. It had begun distributing its journal throughout the United States as early as 1986. Two former FBI informants claimed after 9/11 that they had alerted the FBI to the presence of suspicious Arabs at Arizona flight schools in 1996 (Commission: CR, 226–, 520–; Center: Steven Emerson, American Jihad , NY: Free Press, 2002, 129–, Frontline: “The Man Who Knew,” www.pbs.org, NYT , 6/7/02; claim: WP , 9/23/01, 5/24/02, NYT , 5/24/02, FBI IG, Aukai Collins, My Jihad , Guilford, CT: Lyons, 2002, 213–).

68 “different person”/beard, etc.:“Hijackers Timeline [redacted],” FBI, 2/1/07, INTELWIRE, Report, JI, 135, Testimony of George Tenet, 6/18/02, JI, Graham with Nussbaum, 40–;

69 Atta/27:Staff Statement 16, WSJ , 10/16/01, McDermott, 2–, 31 but see re Mecca twice 57;

70 “colony”/“Resistance”:Fisk, The Great War , 21–.

Part V: PERPETRATORS

CHAPTER 23

1

Wiley:

MFR 04017164, 11/25/03;

2

“independent”:

JI, Report, Appendix, 5;

3

“flake”:

Benjamin & Simon, 243;

4

“terrorist financier”:

Richard Clarke, 96, Tenet, xi;

5

“Ford Foundation”:

Benjamin & Simon, 242;

6

not named:

Executive Order 12947, 1/23/95,

Federal Register

, Vol. 60, No. 16, Staff Report, “Monograph on Terrorist Financing,” CO;

7

9 speeches:

Richard Clarke, 129–, e.g., “American Security in a Changing World,” speech, 8/5/96, U.S. Department of State, Dispatch, Vol. 7, No. 32, & see “Presidential Speech Archive,”

www.millercenter.org

;

8

PDD-39/​rendition/​coordinated:

“Memorandum for the Vice President et al. from William J. Clinton,” 6/21/95 [PDD-39],

www.fas.org

, Benjamin & Simon, 230, CR, 101;

9

badgered:

Richard Clarke, 135;

10 “foaming”:Benjamin & Simon, 243;

11 “It just seemed”:Clarke, 135;

12 “asleep”:Hollingsworth with Mitchell, 101;

13 approval of Lake:Bamford, Pretext , 205, int. Michael Scheuer for Paladin InVision;

14 dozen/40:CR, 479n2;

15 FBI liaison/“buzz saw”:Statement of George Tenet, 10/17/02, JI, FBI IG;

16 focus/women/shopping complex/​committed/​zealot:Shenon, 188–, MFR 04020389, 6/21/04, CR, 109;

17 CTC-TFL:Staff Report, “Monograph on Terrorist Financing,” CO;

18 more operational:MFR 04017164, 11/25/03;

19 changed name:Tenet, 100;

20 “My God”/“truly dangerous”:Shenon, 189;

21 “civilians and military”:int. of OBL for ABC News, transcript available at Frontline: “ Hunting bin Laden,” www.pbs.org;

22 “They chose”:int. of OBL for CNN, 3/97, www.cnn.com;

23 “If they”:Bergen, OBL I Know , 242;

24 “snatch”:Richard Clarke, 149;

25 surveillance/human intelligence:Farmer, 29;

26 eavesdropping/phone:Bamford, Pretext , 162–, Gunaratna, 12, WP , 4/24/01;

27 training camp:CR, 111;

28 CIA plan/​“half-assed”/​“perfect”:Tenet, 112–, Wright, 265–, Michael Scheuer, Marching Toward Hell , New York: Free Press, 2008, 272n3, CR, 111–, Richard Clarke, 149;

29 memo:Scheuer, Marching , 271;

30 “They could not”:Shenon, 190;

31 Nairobi bomb/casualties:Report of Accountability Review Boards, Bombings of the US Embassies in Nairobi, Kenya and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania on Aug. 7, 1998, U.S. Dept. of State, www.fas.org, Wright, 270, Corbin, 73;

32 Dar es Salaam:Report of Accountability Review Boards, The Independent (U.K.), 8/8/98;