Hendrik Loon - The Story of Mankind

56. THE LOVE OF NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE, HOWEVER, WAS TOO STRONG TO BE DESTROYED IN THIS WAY. THE SOUTH AMERICANS WERE THE FIRST TO REBEL AGAINST THE REACTIONARY MEASURES OF THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA. GREECE AND BELGIUM AND SPAIN AND A LARGE NUMBER OF OTHER COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN CONTINENT FOLLOWED SUIT AND THE NINETEENTH CENTURY WAS FILLED WITH THE RUMOR OF MANY WARS OF INDEPENDENCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

57. BUT WHITE THE PEOPLE OF EUROPE WERE FIGHTING FOR THEIR NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE, THE WORLD IN WHICH THEY LIVED HAD BEEN ENTIRELY CHANGED BY A SERIES OF INVENTIONS, WHICH HAD MADE THE CLUMSY OLD STEAM-ENGINE OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY THE MOST FAITHFUL AND EFFICIENT STAVE OF MAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

58. THE NEW ENGINES WERE VERY EXPENSIVE AND ONLY PEOPLE OF WEALTH COULD AFFORD THEM. THE OLD CARPENTER OR SHOEMAKER WHO HAD BEEN HIS OWN MASTER IN HIS LITTLE WORKSHOP WAS OBLIGED TO HIRE HIMSELF OUT TO THE OWNERS OF THE BIG MECHANICAL TOOLS, AND WHILE HE MADE MORE MONEY THAN BEFORE, HE LOST HIS FORMER INDEPENDENCE AND HE DID NOT LIKE THAT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

59. THE GENERAL INTRODUCTION OF MACHINERY DID NOT BRING ABOUT THE ERA OF HAPPINESS AND PROSPERITY WHICH HAD BEEN PREDICTED BY THE GENERATION WHICH SAW THE STAGE COACH REPLACED BY THE RAILROAD. SEVERAL REMEDIES WERE SUGGESTED, BUT NONE OF THESE QUITE SOLVED THE PROBLEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

60. BUT THE WORLD HAD UNDERGONE ANOTHER CHANGE WHICH WAS OF GREATER IMPORTANCE THAN EITHER THE POLITICAL OR THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS. AFTER GENERATIONS OF OPPRESSION AND PERSECUTION, THE SCIENTIST HAD AT LAST GAINED LIBERTY OF ACTION AND HE WAS NOW TRYING TO DISCOVER THE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS WHICH GOVERN THE UNIVERSE. . . . . 427

61. A CHAPTER OF ART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

62. THE LAST FIFTY YEARS, INCLUDING SEVERAL EXPLANATIONS AND A FEW APOLOGIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

63. THE GREAT WAR, WHICH WAS REALLY THE STRUGGLE FOR A NEW AND BETTER WORLD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

64.ANIMATED CHRONOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

65.CONCERNING THE PICTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

66. AN HISTORICAL READING LIST FOR CHILDREN . . . . 475

67.INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 LIST OF COLORED PICTURES

The Scene of Our History is Laid Upon a Little Planet, Lost in the Vastness of the Universe . . . . . . . . Frontispiece

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Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

Rome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

The Norsemen Are Coming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

The Castle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

The Mediæval World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

A New World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

Buddha Goes into the Mountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Moscow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 LIST OF HALF TONE PICTURES

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The Temple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

The Mountain-pass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

The Mediæval Town. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

The Cathedral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

The Blockhouse in the Wilderness . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Off for Trafalgar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362

The Modern City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

The Dirigible. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 LIST OF PICTURES AND ANIMATED MAPS

1. High Up in the North . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2. It Rained Incessantly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3. The Ascent of Man. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4. The Plants Leave the Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

5. The Growth of the Human Skull. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

6. Pre-history and History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

7. Prehistoric Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

8. The Valley of Egypt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

9. The Building of the Pyramids . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

10. Mesopotamia, the Melting-pot of the Ancient World. . .30

11. A Tower of Babel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

12. Nineveh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

13. The Holy City of Babylon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

14. The Wanderings of the Jews . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

15. Moses Sees the Holy Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

16. The Phoenician Trader . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

17. The Story of a Word. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

18. The Indo-Europeans and Their Neighbours. . . . . . . .46

19. The Trojan Horse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

20. Schliemann Digs for Troy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

21. Mycenæ in Argolis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

22. The Ægean Sea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

23. The Island-Bridges Between Asia and Europe . . . . . .52

24. An Ægean City on the Greek Mainland. . . . . . .54

25. The Achæans Take an Ægean City . . . . . .55

26. The Fall of Cnossus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

27. Mount Olympus, Where the Gods Lived. . . . . . . . . .59

28. A Greek City-State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

29. Greek Society. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

30. The Persian Fleet is Destroyed Near Mount Athos. . . .75

31. The Battle of Marathon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

32. Thermopylæ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

33. The Battle of Thermopylæ . . . . . . . . . . . .78

34. The Persians Burn Athens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

35. Carthage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

36. Spheres of Influence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

37. How the City of Rome Happened. . . . . . . . . . . . .92

38. A Fast Roman Warship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

39. Hannibal Crosses the Alps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99

40. Hannibal and the CEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

41. The Death of Hannibal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

42. How Rome Happened. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

43. Civilisation Goes Westward . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

44. Cæsar Goes West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

45. The Great Roman Empire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

46. The Holy Land. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

47. When the Barbarians Got Through With a Roman City. . 126

48. The Invasions of the Barbarians. . . . . . . . . . . 128

49. A Cloister . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

50. The Goths Are Coming!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

51. The Flight of Mohammed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

52. The Struggle Between the Cross and the Crescent. . . 143

53. The Holy Roman Empire of German Nationality. . . . . 147

54. The Home of the Norsemen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

55. The Norsemen Go to Russia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

56. The Normans Look Across the Channel. . . . . . . . . 152

57. The World of the Norsemen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

58. Henry IV at Canossa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

59. The First Crusade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

60. The World of the Crusaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

61. The Crusaders Take Jerusalem . . . . . . . . . . . 172

62. The Crusader's Grave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

63. The Castle and the City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

64. The Belfry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

65. Gunpowder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

66. The Spreading of the Idea of Popular Sovereignty . . 185