Кристен Годси - Почему у женщин при социализме секс лучше. Аргументы в пользу экономической независимости

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Шерил Сэндберг – американская предпринимательница, главный операционный директор в Facebook с 2008 г., с июня 2012 г. – член совета директоров компании. Ранее – вице-президент по международным веб-продажам и операциям в Google, директор по персоналу Министерства финансов США. В 2012 г. вошла в Time 100 – список наиболее влиятельных людей мира по версии журнала Time . – Прим. ред.

Cynthia Hess and Stephanie Roman, “Poverty, Gender, and Public Policies,” IWPR Briefing Paper, Feb. 29, 2016, iwpr.org/publications/poverty-gender-and-public-policies; Maria Shriver, “The Female Face of Poverty,” Atlantic , Jan. 8, 2014; Juliette Cubanski, Giselle Casillas, and Anthony Damico, “Poverty Among Seniors: An Updated Analysis of National and State Level Poverty Rates Under the Official and Supplemental Poverty Measures,” KKF.org, Jan. 10, 2015, www.kff.org/medicare/issue-brief/poverty-among-seniors-an-updated-analysis-of-national-and-state-level-poverty-rates-under-the-official-and-supplemental-poverty-measures; Heidi Moore, “Living Longer and Earning Less: Are Elderly Women Doomed to Be Poor?” Guardian (London), Sept. 26, 2013, www.theguardian.com/money/us-money-blog/2013/sep/26/are-elderly-women-doomed-poverty.

Elaine Tyler May, Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era (New York: Basic Books, 1988).

US Senate, “Sputnik Spurs Passage of the National Defense Education Act,” Oct. 4, 1957, www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Sputnik_Spurs_Passage_of_National_Defense_Education_Act.htm; “Executive Order 10980 – Establishing the President’s Commission on the Status of Women,” Dec. 14, 1961, www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=58918; Tim Sharp, “Valentina Tereshkova: First Woman in Space,” Space.com, Jan. 22, 2018, www.space.com/21571-valentina-tereshkova.html; Susan Ware, Title IX: A Brief History with Documents (Long Grove, IL: Waveland, 2014).

Бетти Фридан (Бетти Наоми Гольдштейн; 1921−2006) – лидер американского феминизма, создательница и президент Национальной организации женщин США. – Здесь и далее примечания переводчика, если не указано иное.

Фридан Б. Загадка женственности. – М.: Прогресс, 1993.

Norton T. Dodge, Women in the Soviet Economy: Their Role in Economic, Scientific, and Technical Development (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1966).

Кундера М. Невыносимая легкость бытия. – СПб.: Азбука-классика, 2002.

Milan Kundera, The Unbearable Lightness of Being (New York: Harper Perennial, 2009), 254.

International Labor Organization, “Women in Economic Activity: A Global Statistical Survey (1950–2000),” A Joint Publication of the International Labor Organization and INSTRAW, 1985.

Слова Инессы Арманд цит. в: Barbara Evans Clements, Bolshevik Feminist: The Life of Aleksandra Kollontai (Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1979), 155; Fatos Tarifa, “Disappearing from Politics (Albania),” in Women in the Politics of Postcommunist Eastern Europe , edited by Marilyn Rueschemeyer (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1998), 269.

Katherine Verdery, What Was Communism and What Comes Next (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996); Josie McLellan, Love in the Time of Communism: Intimacy and Sexuality in the GDR (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011). Другие источники рассматриваются в следующих главах.

Susan Gal and Gail Kligman, The Politics of Gender After Socialism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000).

Janine R. Wedel, Collision and Collusion: The Strange Case of Western Aid to Eastern Europe, 1989–1998 (New York: St. Martin’s, 1998); цит. по: Dagmar Herzog. “Post Coitum Triste Est…? Sexual Politics and Culture in Postunification Germany,” German Politics and Society 94, no. 28 (2010): 111–140; цитату о Советском Союзе приводит Даг Хенвуд в личной электронной переписке с автором от 18 августа 2017 г.

Kristen Ghodsee, “Fires,” in Red Hangover: Legacies of Twentieth-Century Communism (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2017).

Slavenka Drakulić, How We Survived Communism and Even Laughed (New York: Harper Perennial, 1993), 132; Peter Pomerantsev, Nothing Is True and Everything Is Possible: The Surreal Heart of the New Russia (New York: PublicAffairs, 2014); Justyna Pawlak, “Sex Slavery Plagues Romania and Bulgaria,” Reuters, Jan. 21, 2007, www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-candidates-trafficking/sex-slavery-plagues-romania-and-bulgaria-idUSEIC87273820061228; Krista Georgieva, “I Was Kidnapped by a Bulgarian Human Trafficking Ring,” Vice , Apr. 28, 2013, www.vice.com/en_us/article/avnb8g/human-trafficking-bulgaria-south-italy; Ana Maria Touma and Maria Cheresheva, “Modern Slavery Risk Highlighted in Bulgaria, Romania,” BalkanInsight.com, Aug. 17, 2017, www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/romania-bulgarians-at-great-risk-of-modern-slavery-experts-warn-08-16-2017.

INSCOP Research, “Barometrul,” Nov. 2013, на румынском языке: www.inscop.ro/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/INSCOP-noiembrie-ISTORIE.pdf; результаты для Польши см.: Janusz Czapiński and Tomasz Panek, editors, “Special Issue: Social Diagnosis 2011 Objective and Subjective Quality of Life in Poland Report,” Contemporary Economics: Quarterly of University of Finance and Management in Warsaw , 5, no. 3 (2011): 182, ce.vizja.pl/en/issues/volume/5/issue/3#art254; Pew Research Center, “End of Communism Cheered but Now with More Reservations,” Nov. 9, 2011, www.pewglobal.org/2009/11/02/end-of-communism-cheered-but-now-with-more-reservations; John Feffer, Aftershock: A Journey into Eastern Europe’s Broken Dreams (London: Zed, 2017).