Anyen Rinpoche: The Tibetan Yoga Of Breath

Notes

CHAPTER 1. Breath Is Life

1. AlphaDictionary.com, s.v. “Animosity,” last modified April 26, 2008, www.alphadictionary.com/goodword/word/animosity.

2. H. J. Schunemann, et al., “Pulmonary Function Is a Long-term Predictor of Mortality in the General Population: 29-Year Followup of the Buffalo Health Study,” Chest 118, no. 3 (2000): 656–64.

3. Frances Child and Jonathan Couriel, “The Control of Breathing with Reference to Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome,” Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 91 (1998): 479–83; E. A. Phillipson, “Control of Breathing during Sleep,” American Review of Respiratory Disease 188 (1978): 909–39; H. H. Wells, J. Kattwinkel, and J. D. Morrow, “Control of Ventilation in Ondine’s Curse,” Journal of Pediatrics 96 (1980): 865–67; E. A. Phillipson and G. Bowes, “Control of Breathing during Sleep,” in Handbook of Physiology, sec. 3, “The Respiratory System,” vol. 2, “Control of Breathing, part 2,” ed. N. S. Cherniak and J. G. Widdicombe (Baltimore: American Physiological Society, 1986), 649–89.

4. Artour Rakhimov, “Chest (Thoracic) Breathing: Effects, Tests and Solutions,” www.normalbreathing.com/index-chest-breathing.php.

5. Artour Rakhimov, “Scientific Studies about Breathing-Health Connection. Normal Breathing: The Key to Vital Health” (2012): 10, www.normalbreathing.com/nb-word/book-big-ch-1-5.pdf.

6. R. Fried, Breathe Well, Be Well (New York: Wiley, 1999), 45.

7. Rakhimov, “Chest (Thoracic) Breathing: Effects, Tests and Solutions”; J. B. West, Respiratory Physiology: The Essentials , 6th ed. (Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000).

8. Leon Chaitow, “Understanding Breathing,” Massage and Bodywork (June/ July 2007): 29–40.

9. Rakhimov, “Scientific Studies about Breathing-Health Connection” (2012): 10.

10. Beverly H. Timmons and Ronald Ley, Behavioral and Psychological Approaches to Breathing Disorders (New York: Plenum, 1994); Chaitow, “Understanding Breathing,” Massage and Bodywork (June/July 2007): 29–40.

11. D. Shweiki et al. “Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Induced by Hypoxia May Mediate Hypoxia-Initiated Angiogenesis,” Nature 359 (1992): 843–45; E. Ikeda et al., “Hypoxia-Induced Transcriptional Activation and Increased mRNA Stability of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in C6 Glioma Cells,” Journal of Biological Chemistry 270 (1995): 19761–66; T. G. Graeber et al., “Hypoxia-Mediated Selection of Cells with Diminished Apoptotic Potential in Solid Tumors,” Nature 379 (1996): 88–91; Yusuke Mizukami et al., “Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1-Independent Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor by Hypoxia in Colon Cancer,” Cancer Research 64, no. 5 (2004): 1765–72.

12. Artour Rakhimov, “Cause of Diabetes: Low O 2in Cells Due to Heavy Breathing,” www.normalbreathing.com/cause-of-diabetes.php.

13. D. S. Urquhart, H. Montgomery, and A. Jaffe, “Assessment of Hypoxia in Children with Cystic Fibrosis,” Archives of Disease in Childhood 90 (2005): 1138–43.

14. J. A. Waddell, Peter A. Emerson, and R. F. Gunstone, “Hypoxia in Bronchial Asthma,” British Medical Journal 2 (1967): 402–404.

15. E. Weitzenblum et al., “Variability of the Pulmonary Vascular Response to Acute Hypoxia in Chronic Bronchitis,” Chest 94, no. 4 (1988): 772–78.

16. Ali Majid, “The Oxygen View of Osteoporosis: Bone Homeostasis Is But One Face of Oxygen Homeostasis,” Townsend Letter for Doctors & Patients , 2005, www.encognitive.com/files/The%20Oxygen%20View%20of%20Osteoporosis--%20Bone%20Homeostasis%20is%20But%20One%20Face%20of%20Oxygen%20Ho meostasis.pdf; Marilynn Prince-Fiocco, “Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in Lung Disease,” www.chestnet.org/accp/pccsu/osteopenia-and-osteoporosis-lung-disease?page=0,3.

17. C. T. Taylor and S. P. Colgan, “Hypoxia and Gastrointestinal Disease,” Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berl) 85, no. 12 (2007): 1295–1300.

18. “Take a Deep Breath,” www.health.harvard.edu/newsletters/ Harvard_Mental_Health_Letter/2009/May/Take-a-deep-breath; “Breathe Deep to Lower Blood Pressure, Doc Says,” www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14122841/#.UCHND6DCaSp.

19. P. Philippot, G. Chapelle, and S. Blairy, “Respiratory Feedback in the Generation of Emotion,” Cognition and Emotion 16, no. 5 (2002): 605–27.

20. J. Rhudy and M. Meagher, “Fear and Anxiety: Divergent Effects on Human Pain Thresholds,” Pain 84 (2000): 65–75.

21. J. Dempsey et al., “Respiratory Influences on Sympathetic Vasomotor Outflow in Humans,” Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology 130 (2002): 3–20.

22. R. Courtney, “The Functions of Breathing and Its Dysfunctions and Their Relationship to Breathing Therapy,” International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine 12, no. 3 (2009): 78–85.

23. G. Pal, S. Velkumary, and Madanmohan, “Effect of Short-Term Practice of Breathing Exercises on Autonomic Functions in Normal Human Volunteers,” Indian J Med Res 120 (2004): 115–22; Courtney, “The Functions of Breathing and Its Dysfunctions.”

24. Courtney, “The Functions of Breathing and Its Dysfunctions.”

25. Rakhimov, Artour, “Chest (Thoracic) Breathing: Effects, Tests and Solutions.”

CHAPTER 2. Working with Breath and Neurotic Mind

1. David D. Burns, M.D., Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy (New York: Avon Books, 1980), 30. Revised and updated 1999.

CHAPTER 3. Understanding the Connection of the Breath to Stress,Anxiety, and Depression

1. Kellie Marksberry, personal communication, August 15, 2012, attributed to Dr. Paul Rosch, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the American Institute of Stress, found at http://americaninstituteofstress.org/americas-1-health-problem.

2. Al Lee and Don Campbell, Perfect Breathing (New York: Sterling, 2009), 30.

3. Ibid.

4. Hara Estroff Marano, “Anxiety and Depression Together,” Psychology Today , retrieved from www.psychologytoday.com/articles/200310/anxiety-and-depression-together.

5. H. Cohen, “Depression Versus Anxiety,” Psych Central, retrieved on August 14, 2012, from http://psychcentral.com/lib/2007/depression-versus-anxiety/.

6. P. Boyer, “Do Anxiety and Depression Have a Common Pathophysiological Mechanism?” Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplementum 406 (2000): 24–29; University of Western Ontario, “Biological Link between Stress, Anxiety and Depression Identified,” Science-Daily, retrieved July 20, 2012, from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/04/100411143348.htm.

7. Lee and Campbell, Perfect Breathing, 81.

8. Ibid., 75.

9. World Health Organization, The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 Update, (Geneva, Switz.: WHO Press, 2008).

10. R. C. Kessler et al., “The Global Burden of Mental Disorders: An Update from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys,” Epidemiologica e Psichiatria Sociale 18, no. 1 (2009): 23–33.

11. H. R. Snyder et al., “Neural Inhibition Enables Selection during Language Processing,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2010; doi: 10.1073/pnas.1002291107.

12. B. Schwartz, “The Tyranny of Choice,” Scientific American (April 2004): 70–75, www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bschwar1/Sci.Amer.pdf; B. Schwartz and A. Ward, “Doing Better but Feeling Worse: The Paradox of Choice,” no date given, no publication given, www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bschwar1/Choice%20Chapter.Revised.pdf.

13. Harvard Mental Health Letter, “Yoga for Anxiety and Depression,” www.health.harvard.edu/newsletters/ Harvard_Mental_Health_Letter/2009/April/Yoga-for-anxiety-and-depression; M. Javnbakht, R. Hejazi Kenari, and M. Ghasemi, “Effects of Yoga on Depression and Anxiety of Women,” Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 15, no. 2 (May 2009): 102–104; G. Kirkwood et al., “Yoga for Anxiety: A Systematic Review of the Research,” British Journal of Sports Medicine 39, no. 12 (December 2005): 884–91; K. Pilkington et al., “Yoga for Depression: The Research Evidence,” Journal of Affective Disorders 89, nos. 1–3 (December 2005): 13–24.