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Ibid. ’The Quest of the Historical Muhammad’ (International Journal of Middle East Studies 23, 1991).

Ibid. Muhammad and the Origins of Islam (New York, 1994a).

Ibid. The Hajj: the Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places (Princeton, 1994b).

Ibid. The Arabs and Arabia on the Eve of Islam (Aldershot, 1999).

Petersen, Erling Ladewig: Ah and Mu’awiya in Early Arabic Tradition: Studies on the Genesis and Growth of Islamic Historical Writing until the End of the Ninth Century (Copenhagen, 1964).

Philonenko, Marc: ‘Une Tradition essenienne dans le Coran’ (Revue de FHtstoire des Religions 170, 1966).

Pigulevskaja, Nina: Les Villes de I’etat Iramen aux Epoques Parthe et Sassanide (Paris, 1963).

Pines, Shlomo: ‘The Jewish Christians of the Early Centuries of Christianity According to a New Source’ (Proceedings of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities 2, 1968).

Potter, David S.: The Roman Empire at Bay, ad 180–395 (London, 2004) Pourshariati, Parvaneh: ‘Local Histories of Khurasan and the Pattern of Arab Settlement’ (Studia Iranica 27, 1998).

Ibid. Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian– Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran (London, 2008).

Premare, Alfred-Louis de: “Abd al-Malik b. Marwan and the Process of the Qur’an’s Composition’, in Ohlig and Puin.

Pummer, Reinhard: Early Christian Authors on Samaritans and Samaritanism (Tubingen, 2002).

Rabbat, Nasser: The Meaning of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock’ (Muqarnas 6, 1989).

Raby, Julian and Johns, Jeremy (eds): Bayt Al-Maqdis: ‘Abd al-Malik’s Jerusalem (Oxford, 1992).

Rahman, Fazlur: Islamic Methodology in History (Karachi, 1965).

Ibid. Major Themes of the Qur’an (Chicago, 1980).

Ibid. ‘Some Recent Books on the Qur’an by Western Authors’ (Journal of Religion 61, 1984).

Ramadan, Tariq: The Messenger: The Meanings of the Life of Muhammad (Oxford, 2007).

Rautman, Marcus: Daily Life in the Byzantine Empire (Westport, 2006).

Regnier, A.: ‘Quelques Enigmes litteraires de l’lnspiration coranique’ (Le Museon 52, 1939).

Reinink, Gerrit J.: ‘Die Enstehung der syrischen Alexanderlegende als politisch-religiose Propagandaschrift für Herkleios’ Kirchenpolitik’, in After Chalcedon: Studies in Theology and Church History, ed. C. Laga, J. A. Munitiz and L. Van Rompay (Leuven, 1985).

Ibid. The Beginnings of Syriac Apologetic Literature in Response to Islam’ (Oriens Christians 77, 1993).

Ibid. ‘Heraclius, the New Alexander: Apocalyptic Prophecies’, in Reinink and Stolte.

Reinink, Gerrit J. and Stolte, Bernard H.: The Reign of Heraclius (610–641): Crisis and Confrontation (Leuven, 2002).

Rekavandi, Hamid Omrani, Sauer, Eberhard, Wilkinson, Tony and Nokandeh, Jebrael: The Enigma of the Red Snake: Revealing One of the World’s Greatest Frontier Walls’ (Current World Archaeology 27, 2008).

Reynolds, Gabriel Said (ed.): The Qur’an in its Historical Context (Abingdon, 2008).

Rippin, Andrew: ‘Literary Analysis of Qur’an, Tafsir and Sira: The Methodologies of John Wansbrough’, in Approaches to Islam in Religious Studies, ed. Richard C. Martin (Tucson, 1985).

Ibid, (ed.): Approaches to the History of the Interpretation of the Qur’an (Oxford, 1988).

Ibid. Muslims, Their Religious Beliefs and Practices (London, 1991).

Ibid. ‘Muhammad in the Qur’an: Reading Scripture in the 21st Century’, in Motzki 2000.

Ibid. The Qur’an and its Interpretative Tradition (Aldershot, 2001).

Ibid, (ed.): The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an (Oxford, 2009).

Robinson, Chase F.: Islamic Historiography (Cambridge, 2003).

Ibid. The Conquest of Khuzistan: A Historiographical Reassessment’ (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 67, 2004).

Ibid. Abd al-Malik (Oxford, 2005).

Rodinson, Maxime: Mohammed, trans. Anne Carter (New York, 1971).

Rogerson, Barnaby: The Prophet Muhammad: A Biography (London, 2003) Rosen, William: Justinian’s Flea: Plague, Empire, and the Birth of Europe (New York, 2007).

Rosen-Ayalon, Myriam: The Early Islamic Monuments of Al-Haram Al-Sharif: An Iconographic Study (Jerusalem, 1989).

Rostovzeff, M. I.: The Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire (Oxford, 1957).

Rouwhorst, Gerard: ‘Jewish Liturgical Traditions in Early Syriac Christianity’ (Vigiliae Christianae 51, 1997).

Roziewicz, M.: ‘Graeco-Islamic Elements at Kom el Dikka in the Light of New Discoveries: Remarks on Early Mediaeval Alexandria’ (Graeco Arabica 1, 1982).

Rubin, Uri: The “Constitution of Medina”: Some Notes’ (Studia Islamica 62, 1985).

Ibid. ‘Hanifiyya and Ka’ba. An Inquiry into the Arabian Pre-Islamic Background of Din Ibrahim’ (Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 13, 1990).

Ibid. The Eye of the Beholder: The Life of Muhammad as Viewed by the Early Muslims (Princeton, 1995).

Ibid, (ed.): The Life of Muhammad (Aldershot, 1998).

Rubin, Zeev: The Mediterranean and the Dilemma of the Roman Empire in Late Antiquity’ (Mediterranean Historical Review 1, 1986).

Ibid. The Reforms of Khusro Anushirwan’, in Cameron 1995.

Ruether, Rosemary Radford: ‘Judaism and Christianity: Two Fourth-Century Religions’ (Sciences Religieuses Studies in Religion 2, 1972).

Russell, James C.: The Germanization of Early Medieval Christianity: A Sociohistorical Approach to Religious Transformation (Oxford, 1994).

Russell, Josiah C.: That Earlier Plague’ (Demography 5, 1968).

Rutgers, L. V.: ’Archaeological Evidence for the Interaction of Jews and Non– Jews in Antiquity’ (American Journal of Archeology 96, 1992).

Ryckmans, G.: ’Dhu ’l-Shara’ in Encyclopaedia of Islam Saadi, Abdul-Massih: ’The Letter of John of Sedreh: A New Perspective on Nascent Islam’ (Karmo 1, 1999).

Sachot, Maurice: ’Comment le Christianisme est-il devenu religio?’ (Revues des Sciences Religieuses 59, 1985).

Saleh, Walid: ’In Search of a Comprehensible Qur’an: A Survey of Some Recent Scholarly Works’ (Royal Institute for Inter-Faith Studies 5, 2003).

Ibid. The Etymological Fallacy and Quranic Studies: Muhammad, Paradise and Late Antiquity’ (http://www.safarmer.com/Indo-Eurasian/Walid_Saleh.pdf).

Sand, Shlomo: The Invention of the Jewish People (London, 2009).

Sarris, Peter: Economy and Society in the Age of Justinian (Cambridge, 2006) Schacht, Joseph: ‘A Reevaluation of Islamic Tradition’ (Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1949).

Ibid. The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence (Oxford, 1950).

Ibid. ‘Classicisme, Traditionalisme et Ankylose dans la Loi Religieuse de l’lslam’, in Classicisme et Declin Culturel dans FHistoire de ITslam, ed. Robert Brunschvig and Gustave E. von Grunebaum (Paris, 1977).

Schafer, Peter: Jesus in the Talmud (Princeton, 2007).

Schwartz, Seth: Imperialism and Jewish Society from 200 все to 640 ce (Princeton, 2001).

Scott, Roger D.: ’Malalas, the Secret History, and Justinian’s Propaganda’ (Dumbarton Oaks Papers 39, 1985).

Segal, Alan F.: Rebecca’s Children: Judaism and Christianity in the Roman World (Cambridge, Mass., 1986).

Segal, J. B.: ’Mesopotamian Communities from Julian to the Rise of Islam’ (Proceedings of the British Academy 41, 1955).

Ibid. Edessa and Harran (London, 1963).

Ibid. Edessa ’the Blessed City’ (Oxford, 1970).

Sells, Michael: Approaching the Qur’an: The Early Revelations (Ashland, 1999) Serjeant, R. B.: The Sunnah Jami’ah, Pacts with the Yathrib Jews, and the Tahrim of Yathrib: Analysis and Translation of the Documents Comprised in the So– called «Constitution of Medina’» (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 41, 1978).