Ha Jin - Under the Red Flag

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The twelve stories in
take place during China's Cultural Revolution. Ha Jin, who was raised in China and emigrated to the United States after the Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989, writes about loss and moral deterioration with the keen sense of a survivor. His stories examine life in the bleak rural town of Dismount Fort, where the men and women are full of passion and certainty but blinded by their limited vision as they grapple with honor and shame, manhood and death, infidelity and repression.
In "A Man-to-Be," a militiaman engaged to be married participates in a gang rape, but finds himself impotent when he looks into the eyes of the victim. His fiancee's family breaks off the engagement, not because of the rape, but because they doubt his virility. In "Winds and Clouds over a Funeral," a Communist leader disobeys his mother's last wish for burial to keep his good standing in the party, but his enemies bring him down for being a bad son. "In Broad Daylight" is the story of the public humiliation of a woman accused of being a whore. Her dignified defiance is gradually stripped away as she is dragged through the streets, cursed and spat upon by strangers and family alike.
In
, privacy is nonexistent and paranoia rules as neighbor turns against neighbor, husband turns against wife, state turns against individual, history turns against humanity. These stories display the earnestness and grandeur of human folly, and in a larger sense, form a moral history of a time and a place.

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Then both mugs were refilled, though with different stuff, and together they emptied four mugs in a row.

Three minutes later Ma, filled with cold water, said he wanted to go out to pee. Liu stood up and said that he was going with Ma to the public latrine across the street, and that he didn’t want to litter the outhouse in the Pangs’ backyard. Obviously he was going to vomit. Hai held out a hand to support him. “Take care of your bride, young chairman,” Liu said and stopped Hai’s hand, “or you’ll lose her. Ha ha—” He followed Ma out, staggering toward the front gate.

Mrs. Chen said Liu had no sense of propriety, and she reminded the others that he had once vomited on the county magistrate’s leather shoes at a dinner. Mr. Pang, touching his right ear cropped by a piece of American shrapnel in the Korean War, agreed that the two leaders always liked to have a drop too many. Hong felt short of breath; the sour smell of the half-digested food scattered by Ma irritated her nostrils. She began to wonder how she could share the same roof with these savages. A sadness was rising in her chest. She wanted to weep. How she regretted having picked the paper ball. Why did she have to take a husband? She didn’t need a man like Hai. Better to be an old maid than live with him and this family.

The more she thought about the engagement, the more heartbroken she became. Soon she was stuffing herself with the large pieces of chicken breast that had been put aside for the leaders. Then she pulled the platter of stewed mullet closer and munched one chunk after another, regardless of her mother’s stepping on her foot and Mrs. Pang’s squinting at her. She wanted to eat and eat and eat. If possible, she would have eaten up everything the Pangs owned. If they didn’t like her, they had better break the engagement now.

Once in a while she glared at Hai, but to him her angry eyes were simply more charming, like blooming lilies. He was apparently tipsy and kept grinning at her boldly.

Then Director Ma burst in, gasping. “Come, help me stop Secretary Liu. He’s walking in the street and shaking hands with everyone, even called a donkey ‘my comrade.’”

Both Hai and his father lurched to their feet and rushed to the door, but before he could get out, Hai vomited on the threshold. His legs were shaky as he was running to the front gate, wiping his mouth on his sleeve.

“Swine!” Hong said under her breath. Her mother pinched her on the thigh under the table.

Aunt Zheng came to the Chens’ twice the next week and asked for a list of gifts that the bride wanted from the Pangs. Because the wedding was scheduled for October 1, only seven weeks left, they should provide the list as soon as possible. Mrs. Chen said that she wasn’t sure of what to ask for and must discuss it with Hong, who had been very busy recently, working a few extra evenings a week at the department store, doing a rush job of selling cotton cloth. The old matchmaker knew the Chens were waiting to see whether Hai would become the vice-chairman. If the promotion ended in his favor, they might want nothing, since nowadays power was more valuable than money and property.

The County Party Committee’s decision on the promotion arrived at the Commune Administration the next Saturday. On hearing that Feng Ping was the lucky one, both Mrs. Chen and her daughter burst out crying. Hong wailed so loudly that even passersby on the front street could hear her. A number of children gathered at the window ledge and watched the big girl blowing her nose and wiping her tears and squirming on the brick bed. Her face seemed bloated with pain, her bangs stuck to her pale forehead. The children couldn’t figure out what calamity had fallen on this household.

“She must’ve a stomachache, worms in her insides,” said a boy.

“No, she lost her wristwatch.”

“Why not report it to the police?”

In fact, Hong couldn’t help missing another man, the only one she had ever liked. Three years ago, she had seen him playing volleyball against the Harvest Fertilizer Plant’s team. She didn’t know his name, though she heard that his team was from Tile County. While watching him play, she was longing to touch his square face and her heart was leaping. He wasn’t handsome but looked so sweet and innocent. Afterwards she never tried to find out who he was, nor did she tell anybody how she felt. She thought herself silly and impractical, trying hard to forget him. For some reason, now all at once that young face came back to her, wrenching her heart.

Mrs. Chen came out and drove the children away. Though she couldn’t stop her own tears, she didn’t blame her daughter for not listening to her. Too late now. Damn the Pangs, she wished they had never existed.

Lilian came that evening. The two friends talked about the promotion. Although she understood how Hong felt—it must have been as if all your property was gone—Lilian still thought Pang Hai might be the better choice. This notion aroused Hong’s interest. “Do you mean Pang Hai may have a good position in the future?” Hong said.

“No way.” Lilian shook her head. “To tell you the truth, his official career may be over, because Feng Ping is above him now and can always step on him. He must hate Hai to the bones. A man can forgive everything except for murdering his father or stealing his wife.”

“Then why did you say Hai was better?”

“Look at Feng, he’s a monkey. At least Hai is like a man in appearance.”

“For me they’re the same. Hai is a gorilla.” Hong smirked and rubbed her chest as though hit by her own words.

Now the list of gifts had grown. In addition to eight dresses, six satin quilts, a TV set, a Phoenix bicycle, a Shanghai wrist-watch, and other expensive items, Hong insisted on a large banquet, fifty tables at least. She was not a girl who could be bought so cheap. Her mother felt uneasy about the banquet. “You know, dear,” she said, “you shouldn’t ask for such a thing, too costly. The wool comes from the sheep’s own skin—you and Hai will be buried in debt.”

“I don’t care. If I can’t live with him, I’ll kill myself.”

The Pangs agreed to every item on the list except for the banquet, not because they had to borrow the money (they might end up making a little profit, since by custom every guest would leave a good sum after he regaled himself), but because nowadays it was illegal to hold an extravagant wedding banquet. True, the peasants in the villages still squandered money away on food and liquor at weddings, but they were far away from the authority and could get away with it, whereas Pang Hai, a revolutionary cadre of the twenty-third rank, wouldn’t take the risk.

But the bride was absolutely adamant, saying this was a once-in-a-lifetime event and had to be joyful and lavish. After Aunt Zheng traveled back and forth three more times, the Pangs finally yielded.

On the morning of October 1, National Day, Hong in a red flowered dress left home for the Pangs. She rode the new Phoenix bicycle and was accompanied by two bridesmaids, Lilian and Mingming, a salesgirl in the department store. On the backs of their bicycles they carried the bride’s belongings, mainly clothes. The big pieces, like a cupboard and a pair of chests, had been shipped to the groom’s house several days before. Mrs. Chen would come in an hour. The wedding was to take place in the Pangs’ backyard, just a few blocks away.

It was a fine day. The sky was cloudless and a cool breeze was blowing gently. A few orioles were fluttering and twittering in the willows. On their way the bride and her maids were greeted by several cart drivers who whooped and cracked their long whips, and also by a group of little boys who made obscene gestures and chanted, “Slow down, my bride, you’ll have a baby boy tomorrow night.”

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