Джеймс Глик - Genius - The Life and Science of Richard Feynman

105 WHILE A UNIVERSE GROWS IN MY HEAD: “Tattered Serenade,” in Sitwel 1943, 19.

106 IT’S CLEAR TO EVERYBODY AT FIRST SIGHT: F-L.

106 WHEELER WAS ASKED FOR HIS OWN VERDICT: SYJ, 51; Wheeler 1989, 2–3.

106 THE PALMER PHYSICAL LABORATORY: Princeton University Catalogue: General Issue, 1941–42. PUL.

107 PRINCETON’S GAVE FEYNMAN A SHOCK: SYJ, 49–50.

107 THE HEAD OF THE CYCLOTRON BANISHED FEYNMAN: Wheeler 1989, 3.

107 IT DOES NOT TURN AT ALL : A sound explanation—with a description of a safer experiment than Feynman’s—is

description of a safer experiment than Feynman’s—is in Mach 1960, 388–90. But physicists have never stopped arguing for either of the other answers, and there is an ongoing literature.

109 THERE IS NO SIGNBOARD: Eddington 1940, 68.

109 UNFORTUNATELY HE HAD MEANWHILE LEARNED: F-W, 233; NL, 435.

110

A BROADCASTING ANTENNA, RADIATING ENERGY: Cf.

Feynman’s later discussion of radiation resistance, Lectures, I-32–1.

110 HE ASKED WHEELER: F-W, 233–34; NL, 436.

111 TIME DELAY HAD NOT BEEN A FEATURE : Wheeler and Feynman 1949, 426.

111 THE WAVES WERE NOW RETARDED: Lectures, I -28–2.

111 VIEWED IN CLOSE-UP: Morris 1984, 137.

112 SHAKE A CHARGE HERE: F-W, 237.

112 OH, WHADDYAMEAN, HOW COULD THAT BE? : Feynman 1965 b .

112 THE WORK REQUIRED INTENSE CALCULATION: He wrote his parents in November: “… last week things were going fast & neat as al heck, but now I’m hitting some mathematical difficulties which I wil either surmount, walk around, or go a different way—al of which consumes al my time—but I like to do very much & and am very happy indeed. I have never thought so much so steadily about one problem … I’m just beginning to see how far it is to the end & how we might get there (altho aforementioned mathematical difficulties loom ahead)

— SOME FUN!” Feynman to Lucil e Feynman, November

1940, PERS.

112 FOR THOSE WHO WERE SQUEAMISH: Feynman 1941a, fig.

3 caption.

112 THEN THE EFFECT OF THE SOURCE: Feynman 1948b, 941.

113 HE DESCRIBED IT TO HIS GRADUATE STUDENT FRIENDS: F-W, 237–38.

113 FOR EXAMPLE, COULD ONE DESIGN A MECHANISM: Wheeler and Feynman 1949, 426–27; Hesse 1961, 279.

113 A S LONG AS THE THEORY RELIED ON PROBABILITIES: Feynman 1941a, 20.

113 HE CONTINUED TO CHERISH A NOTION: Wheeler, oral-history interview, 17 November 1985, 12, AIP.

113 EARLY IN 1941 HE TOLD FEYNMAN: Cf. Recommendation of Richard Phil ips Feynman for Appointment as Porter Ogden Jacobus Fel ow for 1941–1942, PUL.

113 AS THE DAY APPROACHED: F-W, 242–44; SYJ, 64–66.

115 PAULI DID OBJECT: Wheeler 1989, 26. Much later Feynman said of Pauli’s objection: “It’s too bad that I cannot remember what, because the theory is not right and the gentleman may wel have hit the nail right on the bazeeto.” F-W, 244. Pauli also presumably saw that the theory could not be quantized.

115 DON’T YOU AGREE, PROFESSOR EINSTEIN: F-W, 244.

115 HIS OWN EQUIVOCAL BALANCE SHEET: Feynman to Lucil e Feynman, 3 March 1940, PERS.

1 1 5 LECTURE HIS FRIENDS: Simeon Hutner, telephone interview.

116 HOURS WHEN I HAVEN’T MARKED DOWN: Feynman to Lucil e Feynman, November 1940, PERS.

116 BEFORE REVEALING IT TO ARLINE: Paul Olurn, telephone interview.

116 SHE SENT HIM A BOX OF PENCILS: WDY, 43–44.

116 IF YOU DON’T LIKE THE THINGS I DO: Arline Greenbaum to Feynman, n.d., PERS.

117 THIS STYLE OF TREATMENT: Tel er 1988, 97.

117 A N OLD FRATERNITY FRIEND PICKED HER UP: Robbins, interview.

117 HE CERTAINLY BELIEVES IN PHYSICAL SOCIETY: Ibid.

117 STILL, HE WORRIED: F-W, 252–53; Feynman 1941a is the manuscript on which he based the talk. Feynman and Wheeler 1941 is the published abstract.

117 THE ACCELERATION OF A POINT CHARGE: Feynman 1941a.

118 WHEELER NEEDED LITTLE ENCOURAGEMENT: Feynman (F-W, 243) thought the visit to Einstein “probably” came before his lecture; Wheeler remembers it coming after, and the acknowledgments in Feynman 1941a and Wheeler and Feynman 1945 suggest that Wheeler must be right.

118 EINSTEIN RECEIVED THIS PAIR: Wheeler 1989, 27.

118 FEYNMAN WAS STRUCK: F-W, 254.

118 AN OBSTINATE HERETIC: Quoted in Pais 1982, 462.

11 8 THE STRANGE LITTLE PAPER: Physikalische Zeitschrift 10(1909):323; Wheeler 1989, 27; Pais 1982, 484.

119 WE MUST DISTINGUISH BETWEEN TWO TYPES: Feynman 1941a, 13; Schweber 1986a, 459.

119 “PROF WHEELER,” HE WROTE: Feynman 1941a, 13.

120 THE SUN WOULD NOT RADIATE: Zeitschrift für Physik 10(1922):317, quoted in Wheeler and Feynman 1945,

159–60.

120 LEWIS, TOO, WORRIED: Stuewer 1975, 485 and 499.

120 I AM GOING TO MAKE: Lewis, “The Nature of Light,”

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 12(1926):22, quoted in Wheeler and Feynman 1945, 159 n.

121 THESE WERE DEAD ENDS: F-W, 260.

121 IT PROVED POSSIBLE TO COMPUTE PARTICLE INTERACTIONS: The first application of the least-action principle in this context came in work of which Wheeler and Feynman were not yet aware: a paper by A. D. Fokker in Zeitschrift für Physik 58(1929):386.

121 IN THE ABSORBER THEORY: NL, 438–39.

121 THE MORE FEYNMAN WORKED: Ibid., 440.

121 WE HAVE, INSTEAD: Ibid.

122 AN IMAGE, SO TO SPEAK: Minkowski, “Space and Time,” in Weaver 1987, 2:156; Galison 1979.

122 FEYNMAN, I KNOW WHY: NL, 441.

122 IT WAS THE FIRST ANTIPARTICLE : Dirac, however, was reluctant to accept the idea of a new antiparticle; he first assumed that this positively charged particle must be the proton, despite the enormous discrepancy in mass.

123 EINSTEIN HAD WORRIED ABOUT THIS: Park 1988, 234.

123 A PHILOSOPHER, ADOLPH CRÜNBAUM: “The Anisotropy of Time,” in Gold 1967, 149; Adolph Grünbaum, telephone interview.

123 MR. X: Feynman was enraged at the postconference suggestion that the proceedings be published; he

surprised the other participants by declaring that there was no such subject as “the nature of time.” Grünbaum said later: “Who was he worried about? If he was worried about people in the know then this device failed. I don’t see how a man of his towering eminence could feel his reputation would be jeopardized.”

Grünbaum, interview.

123 GRÜNBAUM: I WANT TO SAY: Gold 1967, 178–79.

124 WHATEVER HIDDEN BRAIN MACHINERY: Ibid., 183.

124 ONE’S SENSE OF THE NOW: Morris 1984, 146.

124 ONE CAN SAY EASILY ENOUGH: Park 1988, 234.

125 IT’S A POOR MEMORY: Gold 1967, 235.

125 THIS PROCESS LEADS: Ibid., 4.

126 THREE ARROWS OF TIME: Ibid., 13–14.

126 IT’S A VERY INTERESTING THING: Ibid., 186.

126 HE HAD COME TO BELIEVE: F-W, 301.

127 HE READ UP ON TYPHOID: Ibid., 303; WDY, 34–35.

127 FEYNMAN HAD FELT FROM THE BEGINNING: F-W, 246.

127 SOMETIMES WHEELER TOLD FEYNMAN: Ibid., 268. 127

“OH?” PAULI SAID: Ibid., 245–46; cf. SYJ, 66.

127 WHEELER CANCELED THE LECTURE: F-W, 255 (“Q: The culmination of this grand paper was what? A: The culmination was, his grand paper has never come out").

128 DIRAC HAD PUBLISHED A PAPER: Dirac 1933.

128 THE NEXT DAY JEHLE AND FEYNMAN: NL, 443.

129 YOU AMERICANS!: F-W, 272; Schweber 1986a.

130 HERE IS A GREAT MAN: Robert R. Wilson, interview, Ithaca, N.Y.

130 NOTEBOOK OF THINGS: Feynman 1940; F-W, 287–88.

130 FEYNMAN WAS ASKED WHICH COLOR: F-W, 289–90.

130 FEYNMAN HAD BEEN FRUSTRATED: Ibid., 220–21.

131 AS I’M TALKING: WDY, 59.

132 IN FEYNMAN’S MIND A SEQUENCE: F-W, 273–74.

133 ALEXANDER FLEMING HAD NOTICED: Macfarlane 1984; Root-Bernstein 1989, 166–68.