George Gibbs - Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon, or, Trade Language of Oregon

Snohomish is a tribe of Puget Sound. The Chinook words are merely Jargon.

Journal of Travels over the Rocky Mountains, &c. By Joel Palmer. 12mo. Cincinnati, 1847, 1852.

"Words used in the Chinook Jargon," pp. 147-152.

Adventures of the First Settlers on the Oregon or Columbia River, &c. By Alexander Ross. 12mo. London, 1849.

Ross gives a "Chinook Vocabulary," pp. 342-348, and words of the "mixed dialect," p. 349. His Chinook is, however, also impure.

Ten Years in Oregon. By D. Lee and F.H. Frost. 12mo. New York, 1844.

"A short vocabulary of the Clatsop dialect." This is likewise Jargon.

History, &c., of the Indian Tribes of the United States. Collected by Henry R. Schoolcraft. 4to. Parts 1-5. Philadelphia, 1851, 1855.

Lieut. G.F. Emmons gives a brief "Klatsop Vocabulary" in Part III., pp. 223, 224, which is of the same character.

Note 1 to article, "Philosophy of Utterance," Part V., pp. 548-551, a

"Vocabulary of the Chinook Jargon."

Vocabulary of the Jargon or Trade Language of Oregon. English, French, and Jargon. 8vo. Washington, 1853. pp. 22.

Printed by the Smithsonian Institution, for private distribution. Without title-page. This is the one by M. Lionnet, before referred to.

The Northwest Coast; or, Three Years' Residence in Washington Territory. By James G. Swan. 12mo. New York: Harpers, 1857.

"A vocabulary of the Chehalis and Chenook or Jargon Languages, with the derivation of the words used in the latter," pp. 412-422.

A Complete Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon. English-Chinook, and Chinook-English. To which is added numerous conversations, &c. 3d edition. 24mo, pp. 24. Portland, Oregon: published by S.J. McCormick.

Several editions of this work have been published; the last which I have seen, in 1862.

Guide-Book to the Gold Regions of Frazer River. With a map of the different routes, &c. 24mo, pp. 55. New York, 1858.

A vocabulary of the Jargon, pp. 45-55.

The Chinook Jargon and English and French Equivalent Forms. In "Steamer Bulletin," San Francisco, June 21, 1858.

Contains an unarranged vocabulary of 354 words and phrases.

The Canoe and the Saddle. By Theodore Winthrop. 12mo. Boston: Ticknor & Fields. 1863.

"A partial vocabulary of the Chinook Jargon," pp. 299-302.

History of the Oregon Territory, &c. By John Dunn. 2d edition. London, 1846.

"A few specimens of the language of the Millbank and Chinook tribes." Chinook tribe: 50 words and phrases, including digits. These words, as usual, are in great part "Jargon," and belong to the Nootkan, not to the Chinook.

Besides the above, one, of which I have not the title before me, has been published by Mr. A.C. Anderson, and several in the newspapers of Oregon and Washington Territory.

NOTE.—The references, "Hale," "Cook," "Jewitt," are respectively to Hale's "Ethnology of the United States Exploring Expedition," "Cook's Voyages," and "Jewitt's Narrative." The others, as "Anderson," "Pandosy," "Shaw," "Tolmie," are from manuscript notes of those gentlemen in possession of the writer.

~Ah-ha~, adv. Common to various tribes. Yes. Expression of simple assent. On Puget Sound, E-ÉH.

~Ah'n-kut-te~, or ~Ahn-kot-tie~, adv. Chinook, ANKUTTI. Formerly; before now. With the accent prolonged on the first syllable, a long time ago. Ex. Ahnkutte lakit sun, four days ago; Tenas ahnkutte, a little while since.

~Al-áh~, interj. Expression of surprise. Ex. Alah mika chahko! ah, you've come!

~Al-kie~, adv. Chinook, ALKEKH. Presently; in a little while; hold on; not so fast.

~Al'-ta~, adv. Chinook, ALTAKH. Now; at the present time.

~A-mo'-te~, n. Chinook, AMUTE; Clatsop, KLABOTÉ. The strawberry.

~An-áh~, interj. An exclamation denoting pain, displeasure, or depreciation. Ex. Anah nawitka mika halo shem, ah, indeed you are without shame. On Puget Sound, Ad-de-dáh.

~Ats~, n. Chinook, idem; Yakama, ATSE (Pandosy). A sister younger than the speaker. In the original, only when used by her brother.

~A-yáh-whul~, v. Chihalis, ATAHWUL. To lend; borrow.

~Ay-kéh-nam.~See EH-KAH-NAM.

~Bé-be~, n., v. French. A word used towards children; probably a repetition of the first syllable of BAISER. A kiss; to kiss.

~Bed~, n. English, idem. A bed.

~Bit~, or ~Mit~, n. English, BIT. A dime or shilling.

~Bloom~, n. English, BROOM. A broom. Mamook bloom, to sweep.

~Boat~, n. English, idem. A boat, as distinguished from a canoe.

~Bos'-ton~, n., adj. An American; American. A name derived from the hailing-place of the first trading-ships to the Pacific. Boston illahie, the United States.

~Bur-dash~, n. Can. French, BERDACHE (Anderson). An hermaphrodite. The reputation of hermaphroditism is not uncommon with Indians, and seems to attach to every malformation of the organs of generation. The word is of very limited use.

~Cal'-li-peen~, n. French, CARABINE. A rifle.

~Ca-nim~, n. Chinook, EKANIM. A canoe. Canim stick, the cedar, or wood from which canoes are usually made.

~Ca-po'~, n. French, CAPOT. A coat.

~Chah'-ko~, v. Nootka, Clayoquot, CHAKO; Tokwaht, TCHOKWA. To come; to become. Ex. Kansik mika chahko? when did you come? Chahko kloshe, to get well.

~Chák chak~, n. Chinook, idem. The bald eagle (by onoma.), from its scream. Of only local use on the lower Columbia.

~Chee~, adv., adj. Chinook, T'SHI. Lately; just now; new. Chee nika ko, I have just arrived. Hyas chee, entirely new.

~Chet'-lo~, or ~Jet'-lo~, n. Chihalia, CHETLOKH. An oyster. Used on the lower Columbia.

~Chet-woot~, n. Nisqually, idem. A black bear. Used only on Puget

Sound.

~Chik'-a-min~, n., adj. Tokwaht, TSIKAMEN; Nootka, SICKAMINNY (Jewitt); SEEKEMAILE (Cook). Iron; metal; metallic. T'kope chikamin, silver; pil chikamin, gold or copper. Chikamin lope, wire; a chain.

~Chik-chik~. See TSIK-TSIK.

~Chil-chil~. See TSIL-TSIL.

~Chitsh~, n. Chihalis, TSHITSH. A grandmother.

~Chope~, n. Chihalis, TSHUP. A grandfather.

~Cho'-tub~, n. Nisqually, idem. A flea. Used on Puget Sound.

~Chuck~, n. Nootka, CHAUK (Cook); CHAHAK, fresh water (Jewitt); Chinook, TLTSUK (Shortess); Clatsop, TL'CHUKW. Water; a river or stream. Salt chuck, the sea; skookum chuck, a rapid; solleks chuck, a rough sea; chuck chahko or kalipi, the tide rises or falls; saghilli and keekwillie chuck, high and low tide.

~Chuk-kin~, n., v. Chihalis, TSUKAEN. To kick. Of local use only.

~Close.~ See KLOSE.

~Cly~, v. English. To cry.

~Cole~, adj. English, COLD. Cole illahie, winter; icht cole, a year; cole sick waum sick, the fever and ague.

~Comb~, n. English. A comb. Mamook comb, to comb; mamook comb illahie, to harrow.