James Owen - The Times On This Day - Facts and trivia for every day of the year

1875 the first performance of Carmen at Paris’s Opéra-Comique was so poorly received that it was thought to have hastened the death of its composer, Georges Bizet.

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1894 six months after his second Home Rule Bill had been defeated by the House of Lords, William Gladstone resigned as prime minister.

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1924 Turkish president Mustafa Kemal Atatürk abolished the caliphate (the Islamic leadership of the Ottoman sultans).

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1931 the US Congress adopted The Star-Spangled Banner as the American national anthem.

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1991 Rodney King was filmed being beaten by Los Angeles police officers, leading to widespread riots.

1461 King Henry VI was deposed by his cousin Edward, Duke of York (who became King Edward IV).

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1789 the Congress of the United States held its first meeting in New York.

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1824 the National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck was founded (from 1854, the Royal National Lifeboat Institution).

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1890 the last of eight million rivets holding together 55,000 tons of steel was driven home at the opening ceremony of the Forth Bridge.

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