Marybeth Shinn - In the Midst of Plenty

1 Cover

2 Foreword

3 Acknowledgments

4 Introduction

5 1 Who Becomes Homeless? Where People Sleep: Definitions of Homelessness Data Sources Groups of People Who Experience Literal Homelessness Age, Race, and Gender Changes Over Time Total Numbers Over a Day, a Year, or a Lifetime The Importance of Time Frames Challenges Faced by People Experiencing Homelessness Summary

6 2 What Causes Homelessness? Homelessness, Poverty, and Inequality in an International Context Increasing “Deep Poverty” in the United States Poverty, Housing, and Homelessness Cultural Attitudes, Social Welfare Policy, and Social Exclusion Racism, Social Exclusion, and Homelessness Mental Illnesses and Other Disabilities Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Other Individual Risk Factors for Homelessness Summary

7 3 Ending Homelessness for People Who Experience It Long‐Term Rental Subsidies for Families Subsidies Plus Voluntary Services for High Needs Individuals Summary

8 4 Comprehensive Efforts to End Homelessness The Homeless Services System Making the System Work to End Homelessness Summary

9 5 Preventing Homelessness for People at Risk Evaluating Prevention for People at High Risk: Efficiency and Effectiveness Programs with Solid Evidence of Effectiveness Programs with Suggestive Evidence of Effectiveness Programs That Might Be Effective Prevention Programs and Cost Benefit Analyses Summary

10 6 Changing Societal Conditions that Generate Homelessness Housing Incomes Countering Social Exclusion Tradeoffs and Combinations for Making Housing Affordable Summary Finding the Political Will to End Homelessness

11 References

12 Index

13 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 Percentage of U.S. Population Using Shelter Over the Course of a ...

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 Homelessness is Especially Common in More Expensive Rental Market...Figure 2.2 Hourly Wage that a Full‐time Worker must Earn (Working 40 Hours a...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Housing First Bypasses the Steps in the Staircase Model of Care a...

4 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Percentage of Families Entering Shelter by Risk Level and Eligibi...Figure 5.2 Intuitive But Incorrect Model of How Prevention Could Work. In th...

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2 Table of Contents

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“Shinn and Khadduri’s new book is a thorough yet concise examination of what we know about the nature and causes of homelessness, and the crucial lessons learned. This critically important work provides a roadmap to restoring basic housing and income security as viable policy options, in the face of our daunting inequality divide that otherwise threatens millions with destitution and homelessness.”

Dennis Culhane, Dana and Andrew Stone Professor of Social Policy, University of Pennsylvania

“Marybeth Shinn and Jill Khadduri have combined their significant expertise to create an essential guide about the history of modern homelessness and to offer a clear path forward to end this American tragedy. Their policy recommendations on ending homelessness are culled from the best about what we know works.”

Barbara Poppe, Executive Director US Interagency Council on Homeless, 2009–2014

“The authors of this book have a deep knowledge of its subject, and anyone with a serious interest in ending homelessness would benefit from reading it. The book describes a wide range of approaches that have been used to alleviate homelessness and provides a thoughtful assessment of the evidence on their effectiveness.”

Edgar O. Olsen, Professor of Economics & Public Policy, University of Virginia

“The book provides an excellent overview of the causes of homelessness and a hard‐headed assessment of the efficacy of different policies to address it. The authors offer a clear and balanced summary of research evidence and suggest both incremental reforms to existing programs as well as major, but still politically plausible, expansions. Readers will walk away with a much richer understanding of homelessness along with some hope that with the right set of policies, government can reduce it.”

Ingrid Gould Ellen, Paulette Goddard Professor of Urban Policy and Planning, Wagner School, New York University

As California grapples with the growing humanitarian crisis of homelessness, Shinn and Khadduri’s book is eagerly anticipated by researchers and policy makers alike. Even in its draft stages, this highly credible and rigorously researched book has informed local strategies to prevent homelessness.

Janey Rountree, Executive Director of the California Policy Lab