Jane Flint - Principles of Virology, Volume 1

4 Chapter 4 Figure 4.1 Variation in the size and shape of virus particles. (A)Cryo-electr... Figure 4.2 Free energy changes in virus particles. Mature virus particles occu... Figure 4.3 Cryo-EM and image reconstruction illustrated with rotavirus. Figure 4.4 Determination of virus structure by X-ray diffraction. This method ... Figure 4.5 Difference mapping illustrated by a 6-Å-resolution reconstruction of ... Figure 4.6 Virus structures with helical symmetry. (A)Schematic illustration ... Figure 4.7 Structure of a ribonucleoprotein-like complex of vesicular stomatitis... Figure 4.8 Structure of an influenza A virus ribonucleoprotein. (A)(Left) Rib... Figure 4.9 Icosahedral packing in simple structures. (A)An icosahedron, which... Figure 4.10 The principle of triangulation: formation of large capsids with icos... Figure 4.11 Structure of the parvovirus adeno-associated virus 2. (A)Ribbon d... Figure 4.12 Packing and structures of poliovirus proteins. (A)The packing of ... Figure 4.13 Interactions among the proteins of the poliovirus capsid. (A)Ribb... Figure 4.14 Structural features of simian virus 40. (A)View of the simian vir... Figure 4.15 Structural features of adenovirus particles. (A)The organization ... Figure 4.16 Interactions among major and minor proteins of the adenoviral capsid... Figure 4.17 Structures of members of the Reoviridae. The organization of mamma... Figure 4.18 Asymmetric capsids of retroviruses. (A)Variation in the morpholog... Figure 4.19 Ordered RNA genomes in small and large icosahedral virus particles. ... Figure 4.20 Packing of double-stranded DNA genome. (A)Dense packing in the he... Figure 4.21 Conserved organization of the RNA-packaging proteins of nonsegmented...Figure 4.22 Structural and chemical features of a typical viral envelope glycopr...Figure 4.23 Structures of extracellular domains of viral glycoproteins. These ...Figure 4.24 Structure of a simple enveloped virus, Sindbis virus. (A)Cross se...Figure 4.25 Conserved topology and regular packing of envelope proteins of small...Figure 4.26 Morphological complexity of bacteriophage T4. (A)A model of the v...Figure 4.27 Structural features of herpesvirus particles. (A)Two slices throu...Figure 4.28 Features of mimivirus capsids. (A)Cryo-EM reconstruction of Cafet ...Figure 4.29 Virus particles with alternative architectures. Structural feature...Figure 4.30 Atomic force microscopy and its application to human adenovirus part...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Architecture of cell surfaces. Example of epithelial cells with api...Figure 5.2 Experimental strategies for identification and isolation of genes enc...Figure 5.3 Some receptors for virus particles. Schematic diagrams of cell mole...Figure 5.4 Picornavirus-receptor interactions. (A)Structure of poliovirus bou...Figure 5.5 Structure of the adenovirus 12 knob bound to the CAR receptor. (A)...Figure 5.6 Entry of polyomavirus simian virus 40. Simian virus 40 interacts fi...Figure 5.7 Interaction of sialic acid receptors with the hemagglutinin of influe...Figure 5.8 Interaction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprot...Figure 5.9 Multiple receptors for herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Six (of 15) ...Figure 5.10 Mechanisms for the uptake of macromolecules from extracellular fluid...Figure 5.11 Virus entry and movement in the cytoplasm. Examples of various rou...Figure 5.12 Conformational changes of class I proteins during fusion. The enve...Figure 5.13 Influenza virus entry. The globular heads of HA trimers mediate bi...Figure 5.14 Conservation of the hairpin structure in class I viral fusion protei...Figure 5.15 Fusion at the plasma membrane. (Top) Model for human immunodeficie...Figure 5.16 Entry of Ebolavirus into cells. Virus particles bind cells via an ...Figure 5.17 SNARE-mediated fusion. The change of syntaxin (t-SNARE, purple) fr...Figure 5.18 Conformational changes in class II proteins during fusion. (A)Nin...Figure 5.19 Conformational changes in class III proteins during fusion. Struct...Figure 5.20 Entry of Semliki Forest virus into cells. Semliki Forest virus ent...Figure 5.21 Stepwise uncoating of adenovirus. (A)Adenovirus fiber proteins bi...Figure 5.22 Model for poliovirus entry into cells. The native virus particle (...Figure 5.23 Entry of reovirus into cells. (A)The different stages in cell ent...Figure 5.24 Structure and organization of the nuclear pore complex. (Bottom le...Figure 5.25 Nuclear localization signals. The general form and specific exampl...Figure 5.26 Different strategies for entering the nucleus. (A)Each segment of...Figure 5.27 Uncoating of adenovirus at the nuclear pore complex. After release...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Strategies for replication and mRNA synthesis of RNA virus genomes ar...Figure 6.2 RNA secondary structure. (A)Schematic of different structural moti...Figure 6.3 Structure of viral ribonucleoproteins. (A)Space-filling model of v...Figure 6.4 Protein domain alignments for the four categories of nucleic acid pol...Figure 6.5 Structural elements of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. (A)Ribb...Figure 6.6 Structure of UTP bound to poliovirus 3Dpol. The NTP bridges the fin...Figure 6.7 Mechanisms of initiation of RNA synthesis. De novo initiation may o...Figure 6.8 Mechanism of de novo initiation. (A)Ribbon diagram of RdRP of hepa...Figure 6.9 Uridylylation of VPg. (A)Linkage of VPg to polioviral genomic RNA....Figure 6.10 Poliovirus (−) strand RNA synthesis. The precursor of VPg, 3AB, co...Figure 6.11 Influenza virus RNA synthesis. (A)Viral (−) strand genomes are te...Figure 6.12 Activation of the influenza virus RNA polymerase by specific virion ...Figure 6.13 Functional N- and C-terminal extensions of RNA polymerases. The sm...Figure 6.14 Oligomerization of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Ribbon diagrams ...Figure 6.15 Structure of a viral RNA helicase. The RNA helicase of the flavivi...Figure 6.16 Genome structure and expression of an alphavirus, Sindbis virus. T...Figure 6.17 Three RNA polymerases with distinct specificities in alphavirus-infe...Figure 6.18 Nidoviral genome organization and expression. (A)Organization of ...Figure 6.19 Vesicular stomatitis viral RNA synthesis. Viral (−) strand genomes...Figure 6.20 Stop-start model of vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA synthesis. The...Figure 6.21 Poly(A) addition and termination at an intergenic region during vesi...Figure 6.22 Moving-template model for influenza virus mRNA synthesis. During R...Figure 6.23 Arenavirus RNA synthesis. Arenaviruses contain two genomic RNA seg...Figure 6.24 mRNA synthesis and replication of double-stranded RNA genomes. The...Figure 6.25 Hepatitis delta virus RNA synthesis. (A)Schematic of the forms of...Figure 6.26 Ribosome-RNA polymerase collisions. A strand of viral RNA is shown...Figure 6.27 RNA recombination. Schematic representation of RNA recombination o...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Conversion of viral genomes to templates for transcription by cellula...Figure 7.2 RNA polymerase II transcriptional control elements. The site of ini...Figure 7.3 Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Assembly of the c...Figure 7.4 Variations in core RNA polymerase II promoter architecture. Variati...Figure 7.5 Local regulatory sequences of three viral transcriptional control reg...Figure 7.6 Organization of the archetypal simian virus 40 enhancer. The positi...Figure 7.7 Modular organization of sequence-specific transcriptional activators....Figure 7.8 Widespread cellular transcriptional activators of an avian retrovirus...Figure 7.9 Mechanisms of stimulation of transcription by viral proteins. Cellu...Figure 7.10 Cell-type-specific regulators bind to the transcriptional control re...Figure 7.11 The cellular regulator NF-κB and its participation in viral transcri...Figure 7.12 Human immunodeficiency type-1 TAR and the Tat protein. (A)The reg...Figure 7.13 Stimulation of transcription elongation by the human immunodeficienc...Figure 7.14 Molecular mechanisms of stimulation of human immunodeficiency virus ...Figure 7.15 Common features of the simian virus 40 (SV40), human adenovirus type...Figure 7.16 Organization and regulation of the Epstein-Barr virus Zta gene promo...Figure 7.17 Models for transcriptional activation by the herpes simplex virus ty...Figure 7.18 Conformational changes and recruitment of VP16 to herpes simplex vir...Figure 7.19 The adenoviral E1A proteins bind to multiple transcriptional regulat...Figure 7.20 Indirect stimulation of transcription by adenoviral E1A proteins. Figure 7.21 Cellular repressors regulate the activity of the simian virus 40 lat...Figure 7.22 The latency-associated transcripts of herpes simplex virus type 1. ...Figure 7.23 Organization of viral RNA polymerase III promoters. (A)The human ...Figure 7.24 Assembly of an initiation complex on a vaccinia virus early promoter...