S. Jane Flint - Principles of Virology, Volume 2

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FIFTH EDITION

Jane Flint

Department of Molecular Biology

Princeton University

Princeton, New Jersey

Vincent R. Racaniello

Department of Microbiology & Immunology

Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons

Columbia University

New York, New York

Glenn F. Rall

Fox Chase Cancer Center

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Theodora Hatziioannou

The Rockefeller University

New York, New York

Anna Marie Skalka

Fox Chase Cancer Center

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Copublication by the American Society for Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to reuse material from this title is available at http://wiley.com/go/permissions.

The right of Jane Flint, Vincent R. Racaniello, Glenn F. Rall, Theodora Hatziioannou, and Anna Marie Skalka to be identified as the author(s) of this work/the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty

While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy of completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties or merchantability of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The publisher is not providing legal, medical, or other professional services. Any reference herein to any specific commercial products, procedures, or services by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation, or favored status by the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). The views and opinions of the author(s) expressed in this publication do not necessarily state or reflect those of ASM, and they shall not be used to advertise or endorse any product.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Flint, S. Jane, author. | Racaniello, V. R. (Vincent R.), author. | Rall, Glenn F., author. | Hatziioannou, Theodora, author. | Skalka, Anna Marie, author.

Title: Principles of virology / Jane Flint, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, Vincent R. Racaniello, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, Glenn F. Rall, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Theodora Hatziioannou, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, Anna Marie Skalka, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Description: Fifth edition. | Washington, DC : American Society for Microbiology [2020] ; Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, [2020] | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Contents: volume 1. Molecular biology—volume 2. Pathogenesis and control.

Identifiers: LCCN 2020013722 (print) | LCCN 2020013723 (ebook) | ISBN 9781683670322 (set) | ISBN 9781683672845 (v. 1 ; paperback) | ISBN 9781683672852 (v. 2 ; paperback) | ISBN 9781683672821 (v. 1 ; adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781683673606 (v. 1 ; epub) | ISBN 9781683672838 (v. 2 ; adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781683673590 (v. 2 ; epub) | ISBN 9781683670339 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781683673583 (epub)

Subjects: LCSH: Virology.

Classification: LCC QR360 .P697 2020 (print) | LCC QR360 (ebook) | DDC 616.9/101—dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020013722

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020013723

Illustrations and illustration concepting: Patrick Lane, ScEYEnce Studios

Cover image: Visual Science

Cover and interior design: Susan Brown Schmidler

We dedicate this book to the students, current and future scientists, physicians, and all those with an interest in the field of virology, for whom it was written. We kept them ever in mind.

We also dedicate it to our families:Jonn, Gethyn, and Amy LeedhamDoris, Aidan, Devin, and NadiaEileen, Kelsey, and AbigailPaul, Stefan, and EveRudy, Jeannie, and Chris

Oh, be wiser thou!Instructed that true knowledge leads to love.

WILLIAM WORDSWORTH

Lines left upon a Seat in a Yew-tree 1888

This book is accompanied by a companion website:

www.wiley.com/go/flint/pov5

The website includes:

PowerPoints of figures

Author podcasts

Study Questions and Answers

The enduring goal of scientific endeavor, as of all human enterprise, I imagine, is to achieve an intelligible view of the universe. One of the great discoveries of modern science is that its goal cannot be achieved piecemeal, certainly not by the accumulation of facts. To understand a phenomenon is to understand a category of phenomena or it is nothing. Understanding is reached through creative acts.

A. D. HERSHEY

Carnegie Institution Yearbook 65

All five editions of this textbook have been written according to the authors’ philosophy that the best approach to teaching introductory virology is by emphasizing shared principles. Studying the common steps of the viral reproductive cycle, illustrated with a set of representative viruses, and considering mechanisms by which these viruses can cause disease provides an integrated overview of the biology of these infectious agents. Such knowledge cannot be acquired by learning a collection of facts about individual viruses. Consequently, the major goal of this book is to define and illustrate the basic principles of virus biology.

In this information-rich age, the quantity of data describing any given virus can be overwhelming, if not indigestible, for student and expert alike. The urge to write more and more about less and less is the curse of reductionist science and the bane of those who write textbooks meant to be used by students. In the fifth edition, we continue to distill information with the intent of extracting essential principles, while providing descriptions of how the information was acquired and tools to encourage our readers’ exploration of the primary literature. Boxes are used to emphasize major principles and to provide supplementary material of relevance, from explanations of terminology to descriptions of trailblazing experiments. Our goal is to illuminate process and strategy as opposed to listing facts and figures. In an effort to make the book readable, we have been selective in our choice of viruses that are used as examples. The encyclopedic Fields’ Virology [Knipe DM, Howley PM (ed). 2020. Fields Virology , 7th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA] is recommended as a resource for detailed reviews of specific virus families.