Recognition and Perception of Images

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 Ancient canons: (a) Acropolis. (b) Propylaea of the Acropolis of Athe... Figure 2.2 The proportions of the “Golden section” are the ultimate expression o... Figure 2.3 Benozzo Gozzoli “Procession of the Magi”. A fragment of the painting ... Figure 2.4 Dance movements are recorded in the scheme (the beginning of the twen... Figure 2.5 Surreal modern painting Ettore Aldo Del Vigo, compositional analysis. Figure 2.6 V. I. Barvenko “Alexander and Bucephalus”, hardboard, mixed technique... Figure 2.7 Fragments of the work by V. I. Barvenko “Alexander and Bucephalus”, c... Figure 2.8 Fragments of the work by V. I. Barvenko “Alexander and Bucephalus”, o... Figure 2.9 Analysis and determination of probable forms. Figure 2.10 Fragments of the work by V. I. Barvenko “Alexander and Bucephalus”, ... Figure 2.11 Michelangelo Buanarotti. Architectural design of the tombstone of Po... Figure 2.12 Analysis of architectural public structures. The Colosseum and the F... Figure 2.13 Analysis of landscape scenes of the painting in landscape painting w... Figure 2.14 Compositional schemes-landscape models [landscape website, 2020]. Figure 2.15 Piazza del Poppolo. Rome. Italy. Reprint from an antique French orig... Figure 2.16 Analysis of landscape scenes from a reprint of an old French engravi... Figure 2.17 Gem from Giza, II-III centuries. Figure 2.18 (a) a drawing from the London Oriental Manuscript, circa 600, (b) th... Figure 2.19 E. Greco’s “Holy Family”. Compositional analysis. Figure 2.20 “Do Not Weep for Me, Mother” (Mary at the tomb of the Christ. Symbol... Figure 2.21 Yellow-Red-Blue - Wassily Kandinsky. 1925. Oil on canvas 127x200 cm ... Figure 2.22 Associative works of M. Ciurlionis 1903 [ciurlionis website, 2020].

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Scheme of imaginative thinking.Figure 3.2 Types of imaginative thinking.Figure 3.3 The hierarchy of sensory images.Figure 3.4 Design image based on the symbols.Figure 3.5 Real images are converted to decorative symbols.Figure 3.6 The agglutination method in creation and imagination.Figure 3.7 The image elements of the makeup for Beijing Opera characters.Figure 3.8 The image in the project activities structure.Figure 3.9 An electric tower is a creative source for the image of brand-new cos...Figure 3.10 Stages of creating a project image.Figure 3.11 Stages of creating for costume design.Figure 3.12 The world-famous images of Charlie Chaplin, Marilyn Monroe and Salva...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1.1 Option 1. Welcome hugs.Figure 4.1.2 Option 2. Multi-level spiral.Figure 4.1.3 Option 3. Unification.Figure 4.1.4 Option 4. Continents.Figure 4.1.5 Option 5. Combinatorics.Figure 4.1.6 Option 6. Length.Figure 4.2.1 The Concept of “Rebirth”.Figure 4.2.2 The Concept of “Variability”.Figure 4.2.3 The Concept of “Riddle”.Figure 4.2.4 The concept of “Infinity of development”.

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Illustration of representations in feature space learned by (a) exist...Figure 5.2 Illustration of the expected separations of the observation x, which ...Figure 5.3 Framework of our facial expression recognition model used for trainin...Figure 5.4 Failed case of (a) triplet loss, (b) (N+1)-tuplet loss, and (c) Coupl...Figure 5.5 Failed case of (a) triplet loss, (b) (N+1)-tuplet loss, and (c) Coupl...Figure 5.6 The training loss of different methods on SFEW validation set. The va...Figure 5.7 t-SNE visualization of images in Extended YaleB. The original images ...Figure 5.8 Using MI-FLF to swap some face attributes, while keeping their ID and...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Selection of necessary information on images.Figure 6.2 Creation of objects with information on images.Figure 6.3 Display of images in the form of tiles (ImageStrip).Figure 6.4 Display form of user interface.Figure 6.5 Database diagram.Figure 6.6 Main steps of text determination algorithm.Figure 6.7 Main steps of the Russian text recognition algorithm.Figure 6.8 Work of algorithm recognizing the English text.Figure 6.9 Cloud of Russian words specifying the objects of non-political class.Figure 6.10 Cloud of Russian words specifying the objects of political class.Figure 6.11 Cloud of English words specifying the objects of non-political class...Figure 6.12 Cloud of English words specifying the objects of political class.Figure 6.13 Frequency diagram for cities with the political activity.

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Well-structured scene images, designed for the image understanding le...Figure 7.2 Simplest weakly-structured (camouflaged) scene images.Figure 7.3 Examples of raw scene images.Figure 7.4 The different kinds of low-resolution digital image displaying [Buten...Figure 7.5 The different types of interior/exterior topology objects: (a) – 8/8 ...Figure 7.6 Vague regions and their regularization example.Figure 7.7 The example of histogram analysis: original image (a) and the primary...Figure 7.8 The example of digital image encapsulation (gray-level image object d...Figure 7.9 3-D view of encapsulated image granules.Figure 7.10 Example of a spatial encapsulation by the + G 2Cartesian granule.Figure 7.11 Subsets of encapsulated Cartesian granules on the plane.Figure 7.12 The common positions of two granules diagram.Figure 7.13 (a) the result of the Algorithm 1 execution over the solid points cl...Figure 7.14 Three-level structure of GDMS on the basis of relational DBMS.Figure 7.15 Methodology of granulation of the image by L. Zadeh.Figure 7.16 Optimal structure of the granulated GDMS.Figure 7.17 The successive stages (1)-(6) of Automated target Detection for the ...Figure 7.18 The source character images for the classification.Figure 7.19 The examples of granulated character images.Figure 7.20 The fuzzy relation matrix graphic representations for the granulated...Figure 7.21 Corrupted character images examples.Figure 7.22 Different color space models in Cylindrical and Conical coordinates:...Figure 7.23 Google Earth image of seashore near Barcelona (a) and its RGB color ...Figure 7.24 Different projections of the granulated seashore image color histogr...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.2.1 Geometry of 3-D ISAR scenario.Figure 8.2.2 Two 2-D coordinate systems built in the ISAR signal plane depicted ...Figure 8.2.3 The coordinate systems O’XY and built in stationary 2-D ISAR imag...Figure 8.2.4 2-D ISAR geometry.Figure 8.3.1 Traveling of the object trough range bins in case rectilinear movem...Figure 8.3.2 2-D geometrical model of aircraft MiG-35 in 64x64 pixels grid.Figure 8.3.3 LFM ISAR signal: real part (a), and imaginary part (b).Figure 8.3.4 LFM ISAR signal after correlation range compression: real (a), and ...Figure 8.3.5 3-D isometric projection of the object image after FFT azimuth comp...Figure 8.3.6 LFM SAR signal: real part (a), and imaginary part (b).Figure 8.3.7 LFM ISAR signal after correlation range compression: real part (a),...Figure 8.3.8 Aircraft Mig-35 final image in 3-D isometric projection (a), and in...Figure 8.3.9 Unwrapped phase history Ф 0( p ) and extrapolated curve Ф( p ) (a), (b –...Figure 8.3.10 Phase difference ΔФ( p ).Figure 8.3.11 First cost function C 1= M(A ) (a), and second cost function C2(A ) ...Figure 8.3.12 Aircraft Mig-35 – final image, obtained after autofocusing procedu...Figure 8.3.13 ISAR signal with Barker’s phase code modulation in 3-D isometric p...Figure 8.3.14 Barker’s PCM ISAR signal (isometric projection) after correlation ...Figure 8.3.15 ISAR image (isometric projection) after FFT azimuth compression (a...Figure 8.3.16 Family of phase correction functions (a) Ф( p ), and three cases of ...Figure 8.3.17 3-D view of the surface, described by the image cost function C 1( p ...Figure 8.3.18 Aircraft F-18 image: p 0= 250, p = 0.01 (a), p = 0.02 (b).Figure 8.3.19 Aircraft F-18 image: p 0= 250, p = 0.05- unfocused (a), p = 0.06-f...Figure 8.4.1 3-D geometry of the aircraft F18..Figure 8.4.2 Real and imaginary parts of the ISAR signal.Figure 8.4.3 Real and imaginary parts of the ISAR signal after demodulation.Figure 8.4.4 Isometric 3-D ISAR image.Figure 8.4.5 Final image (a) and power normalized image (b).Figure 8.4.6 Autofocusing by p = q = 58 and r = 30.Figure 8.4.7 Autofocusing by p = q = 58 and r = 46.Figure 8.4.8 Autofocusing by p = q = 58 and r = 60.Figure 8.4.9 A surface of the entropy function using as a cost function in the a...Figure 8.4.10 ISAR signal formation with complementary phase code modulation (fi...Figure 8.4.11 Real (a) and imaginary (b) component of the ISAR signal modulated ...Figure 8.4.12 Real (a) and imaginary (b) component of the ISAR signal, modulated...Figure 8.4.13 Real (a) and imaginary (b) part of the ISAR signal, modulated by f...Figure 8.4.14 Real (a) and imaginary (b) part of the ISAR signal, modulated by s...Figure 8.4.15 The image of the aircraft MiG-35, obtained from ISAR signal, modul...Figure 8.4.16 Aircraft MiG-35 image (256 levels of grey color scale) from CPCM I...Figure 8.4.17 Discrete structure of the object depicted in the space of the regu...Figure 8.4.18 Reconstructed ISAR image: by step p = 1 (a), by step p = 2 (b), by...