David M. Carr - Genesis 1-11

Universal aspects of the SabbathFinally, this exegesis should not overlook the implicit emphasis across Gen 1:1–2:3 on anticipating the Sabbath. Christian ambivalence toward the Sabbath has contributed to a tendency among non-Jewish interpreters to read the Bible’s first creation account if it ended with the creation of humans. Indeed, this tendency was enshrined in the chapter-structure of Genesis when thirteenth-century Christian theologians introduced the present chapter division, placing the first six days of creation into chapter one (Gen 1:1–31) while relegating God’s blessing and sanctification of the seventh day to the outset of chapter two (Gen 2:1–3). 139This chapter division obscured the way Gen 1:1–2:3 as a whole emphasizes the idea that a seven-day, Sabbath-oriented time system is built into the very structure of creation (see also Exod 16:4–5, 22–30). Moreover, even though subsequent biblical texts treat this creation-founded Sabbath as a practice exclusive to Israel (e.g., Gen 20:8–11; 31:12–17), the Gen 1 description of all humans as God’s representatives on earth (Gen 1:26–27) suggests that God’s cessation of work in Gen 2:2–3 may have implications for all humans. Overall, having such a prominent Sabbath emphasis in the Bible’s programmatic introduction provides a biblical foundation to readings, such as that of Abraham Heschel, of the relevance and significance of the biblical Sabbath to humanity as a whole. 140

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