Thomas Hobbes - Leviathan

Formes Of Speech, In Passion Good And Evill Apparent Felicity Praise Magnification CHAPTER VII. OF THE ENDS OR RESOLUTIONS OF DISCOURSE Judgement, or Sentence Final; Doubt Science Opinion Conscience Beliefe Faith CHAPTER VIII. OF THE VERTUES COMMONLY CALLED INTELLECTUAL; Intellectuall Vertue Defined CHAPTER VIII. OF THE VERTUES COMMONLY CALLED INTELLECTUAL; AND THEIR CONTRARY DEFECTS Wit, Naturall, Or Acquired Good Wit, Or Fancy; Good Judgement; Discretion Prudence Craft Acquired Wit Giddinesse Madnesse Rage Melancholy Insignificant Speech CHAPTER IX. OF THE SEVERALL SUBJECTS OF KNOWLEDGE CHAPTER X. OF POWER, WORTH, DIGNITY, HONOUR AND WORTHINESS Power CHAPTER X. OF POWER, WORTH, DIGNITY, HONOUR AND WORTHINESS Worth Dignity To Honour and Dishonour Titles of Honour Worthinesse Fitnesse CHAPTER XI. OF THE DIFFERENCE OF MANNERS What Is Here Meant By Manners CHAPTER XI. OF THE DIFFERENCE OF MANNERS A Restlesse Desire Of Power, In All Men Love Of Contention From Competition Civil Obedience From Love Of Ease From Feare Of Death Or Wounds And From Love Of Arts Love Of Vertue, From Love Of Praise Hate, From Difficulty Of Requiting Great Benefits And From Conscience Of Deserving To Be Hated Promptnesse To Hurt, From Fear And From Distrust Of Their Own Wit Vain Undertaking From Vain-glory Ambition, From Opinion Of Sufficiency Irresolution, From Too Great Valuing Of Small Matters And From The Ignorance Of Naturall Causes And From Want Of Understanding Credulity From Ignorance Of Nature Curiosity To Know, From Care Of Future Time Naturall Religion, From The Same CHAPTER XII. OF RELIGION Religion, In Man Onely CHAPTER XII. OF RELIGION First, From His Desire Of Knowing Causes From The Consideration Of The Beginning Of Things From His Observation Of The Sequell Of Things Which Makes Them Fear The Power Of Invisible Things And Suppose Them Incorporeall But Know Not The Way How They Effect Anything But Honour Them As They Honour Men And Attribute To Them All Extraordinary Events Foure Things, Naturall Seeds Of Religion Made Different By Culture The Absurd Opinion Of Gentilisme The Causes Of Change In Religion Injoyning Beleefe Of Impossibilities Doing Contrary To The Religion They Establish Want Of The Testimony Of Miracles CHAPTER XIII. OF THE NATURALL CONDITION OF MANKIND, From Equality Proceeds Diffidence From Diffidence Warre Out Of Civil States, The Incommodites Of Such A War In Such A Warre, Nothing Is Unjust The Passions That Incline Men To Peace CHAPTER XIV. OF THE FIRST AND SECOND NATURALL LAWES, AND OF CONTRACTS Right Of Nature What Liberty What A Law Of Nature What Naturally Every Man Has Right To Everything The Fundamental Law Of Nature The Second Law Of Nature What it is to lay down a Right Renouncing (or) Transferring Right What; Obligation Duty Justice Not All Rights Are Alienable Contract What Covenant What Free-gift Signes Of Contract Expresse Signes Of Contract By Inference Free Gift Passeth By Words Of The Present Or Past Merit What Covenants Of Mutuall Trust, When Invalid Right To The End, Containeth Right To The Means No Covenant With Beasts Nor With God Without Speciall Revelation No Covenant, But Of Possible And Future Covenants How Made Voyd Covenants Extorted By Feare Are Valide The Former Covenant To One, Makes Voyd The Later To Another A Mans Covenant Not To Defend Himselfe, Is Voyd No Man Obliged To Accuse Himselfe The End Of An Oath; The Forme Of As Oath No Oath, But By God An Oath Addes Nothing To The Obligation CHAPTER XV. OF OTHER LAWES OF NATURE The Third Law Of Nature, Justice Justice And Injustice What Justice Not Contrary To Reason Covenants Not Discharged By The Vice Of The Person To Whom Made Justice Of Men, And Justice Of Actions What Justice Of Manners, And Justice Of Actions Nothing Done To A Man, By His Own Consent Can Be Injury Justice Commutative, And Distributive The Fourth Law Of Nature, Gratitude The Fifth, Mutuall accommodation, or Compleasance The Sixth, Facility To Pardon The Seventh, That In Revenges, Men Respect Onely The Future Good The Eighth, Against Contumely The Ninth, Against Pride The Tenth Against Arrogance The Eleventh Equity The Twelfth, Equall Use Of Things Common The Thirteenth, Of Lot The Fourteenth, Of Primogeniture, And First Seising The Fifteenth, Of Mediators The Sixteenth, Of Submission To Arbitrement The Seventeenth, No Man Is His Own Judge The Eighteenth, No Man To Be Judge, That Has In Him Cause Of Partiality The Nineteenth, Of Witnesse A Rule, By Which The Laws Of Nature May Easily Be Examined The Lawes Of Nature Oblige In Conscience Alwayes, The Laws Of Nature Are Eternal; And Yet Easie The Science Of These Lawes, Is The True Morall Philosophy CHAPTER XVI. OF PERSONS, AUTHORS, AND THINGS PERSONATED Person Naturall, And Artificiall The Word Person, Whence Actor, Author; Authority Covenants By Authority, Bind The Author But Not The Actor The Authority Is To Be Shewne Things Personated, Inanimate Irrational False Gods The True God A Multitude Of Men, How One Person Every One Is Author An Actor May Be Many Men Made One By Plurality Of Voyces Representatives, When The Number Is Even, Unprofitable Negative Voyce PART II. OF COMMON-WEALTH CHAPTER XVII. OF THE CAUSES, GENERATION, AND DEFINITION OF A The End Of Common-wealth, Particular Security Which Is Not To Be Had From The Law Of Nature: Nor From The Conjunction Of A Few Men Or Familyes Nor From A Great Multitude, Unlesse Directed By One Judgement And That Continually Why Certain Creatures Without Reason, Or Speech, Do Neverthelesse Live In Society, Without Any Coercive Power The Generation Of A Common-wealth The Definition Of A Common-wealth Soveraigne, And Subject, What CHAPTER XVIII. OF THE RIGHTS OF SOVERAIGNES BY INSTITUTION The Act Of Instituting A Common-wealth, What The Consequences To Such Institution, Are I. The Subjects Cannot Change The Forme Of Government From this Institution of a Common-wealth are derived all the Rights, and 2. Soveraigne Power Cannot Be Forfeited 3. No Man Can Without Injustice Protest Against The 4. The Soveraigns Actions Cannot Be Justly Accused By The Subject 5. What Soever The Soveraigne Doth, Is Unpunishable By The Subject 6. The Soveraigne Is Judge Of What Is Necessary For The Peace And Judge Of What Doctrines Are Fit To Be Taught Them 7. The Right Of Making Rules, Whereby The Subject May 8. To Him Also Belongeth The Right Of All Judicature 9. And Of Making War, And Peace, As He Shall Think Best: 10. And Of Choosing All Counsellours, And Ministers, 11. And Of Rewarding, And Punishing, And That (Where No 12. And Of Honour And Order These Rights Are Indivisible And Can By No Grant Passe Away Without Direct The Power And Honour Of Subjects Vanisheth In The Presence Soveraigne Power Not Hurtfull As The Want Of It, CHAPTER XIX. OF THE SEVERALL KINDS OF COMMON-WEALTH BY INSTITUTION, The Different Formes Of Common-wealths But Three Tyranny And Oligarchy, But Different Names Of Monarchy, And Aristocracy Subordinate Representatives Dangerous Comparison Of Monarchy, With Soveraign Assemblyes Of The Right Of Succession Succession Passeth By Expresse Words; Or, By Not Controlling A Custome; Or, By Presumption Of Naturall Affection To Dispose Of The Succession, Though To A King Of Another Nation, CHAPTER XX. OF DOMINION PATERNALL AND DESPOTICALL Wherein Different From A Common-wealth By Institution The Rights Of Soveraignty The Same In Both Dominion Paternall How Attained Not By Generation, But By Contract Or Education; Or Precedent Subjection Of One Of The Parents To The Other The Right Of Succession Followeth The Rules Of The Rights Of Possession Despoticall Dominion, How Attained Not By The Victory, But By The Consent Of The Vanquished Difference Between A Family And A Kingdom The Right Of Monarchy From Scripture Soveraign Power Ought In All Common-wealths To Be Absolute CHAPTER XXI. OF THE LIBERTY OF SUBJECTS Liberty WhatЧитать дальше