Rosemary Crouch - Occupational Group Therapy

No particular mention is made of the use of group work specifically because the model applies to most types of occupational therapy intervention. It is well known and has been used in many research projects, including Crouch and Mogotsi (2007) who used occupational group therapy and the COPM successfully in assessing performance in persons with bipolar disorders. In most cases such as this, the assessment is carried out initially in order to identify problem areas of occupational performance in the members of the group. The whole group can then establish what the goals of the group will be. After a period, the assessment is used again by group members to see if there has been a change in occupational performance and how satisfied group members are with the changes.

FIGURE 3.1 The Canadian Model of Occupational Performance.

In the COPM, the client is required to assess him/herself. The relevance of using this assessment with clients taking part in occupational group therapy is the unique fact that the assessment comprises the client's own assessment of his/her performance in the group itself and his/her satisfaction with the performance in the group. Consequently there are two types of scores: performance and satisfaction. ‘Occupational performance is an experienced phenomenon rather than an observed phenomenon’ (Law et al. 1994, p. 5).

As indicated, the model also provides an opportunity for reassessment. ‘At an appropriate interval following the initial assessment, a reassessment takes place. The time interval is variable and depends on the client's and therapist's judgement, but it is suggested that an expected date of reassessment be agreed upon before intervention begins’ (Law et al. 1994, p. 44).

This model by Gary Kielhofner was developed in 1980 and the latest publication was 2002. The model identifies three constructs namely person, environment and occupational performance, all of which are basic concepts relevant to occupational group therapy. He emphasises occupational participation which is described as occupational identity, occupational adaptation and occupational competence which are all vitally important when participating as a member of a group. One important factor in this model is his interpretation of ‘meaning’ as being a determining factor in occupational engagement, a factor essential to participation in occupational group therapy. If a group member feels that group work has meaning for him/her it may result in feelings of competence, confidence and security as regards their abilities. ‘An assumption underlying the MOHO is that by engaging in occupation, humans learn values and skills and develop interests, a sense of self‐confidence and competence’ (Townsend and Polatajko 2007, p. 60). All of these factors are basic and extremely relevant to occupational group therapy.

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