David M. Carr - The Hebrew Bible

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Discover the historical and social context of one of the most influential works ever written with this authoritative new resource The newly revised second edition of
delivers a brief and up-to-date introduction to the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament in the broader context of world history. Its treatment of the formation of the Bible amidst different historical periods allows readers to understand the biblical texts
. It also introduces readers to scholarly methods used to explore the formation of the Hebrew Bible and its later interpretation by Jews and Christians.
Written by a leading scholar in the field, this new edition incorporates the most recent research on the archaeology and history of early Israel, the formation of the Pentateuch, and the development of the historical and poetic books. Students will benefit from the inclusion of study questions in each chapter, focus texts from the Bible that illustrate major points, timelines, illustrations, photographs and a glossary to help them retain knowledge.
The book also includes:
A deepened and up-to-date focus on recent methods of biblical study, including trauma studies, African American, womanist, and ecocritical approaches to the Bible An orientation to multiple bibles, translations and digital resources for study of the Bible An exploration of the emergence of ancient Israel, its first oral traditions and its earliest writings Discussions of how major features of the Bible reflect communal experiences of trauma and resilience as Israel survived under successive empires of the Ancient Near East. Fuller treatment of the final formation of biblical books in early Judaism, including coverage of diverse early Jewish texts (e.g. Ben Sira, Enoch, Judith) that were revered as scripture before there were more clearly defined Jewish and Christian Bibles Designed for students of seminary courses and undergraduate students taking an introduction to the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, this second edition of
also will interest general readers with interest in the formation of the Bible.

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// indicate that the texts before and after the slashes are parallel to each other.

Overview of the Historical Period

This shows major periods and corresponding texts covered in this book.

DATES 1250–1000 BCE (13th–11th centuries) 1000–930 (10th century) 930–800 (10th–9th centuries) 800–700 (8th century) 700–586 (7th and early 6th centuries) 586–538 (6th century) 538–332 (6th–4th centuries) 332–63 (4th–1st centuries)
Chapter 2 3 and 4 5 5 and 6 7 and 8 9 and 10 11 and 12 12 and 13
MAJOR EVENTS (IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER) Spread of villages in hill country Tribal “Israel” emerge Saul’s chieftainship Formation of Davidic monarchy Jerusalem taken as capital of Judah/Israel David and Solomon Formation of northern kingdom of “Israel” Rise and fall of Omride dynasty Domination and destruction of northern “Israel” by Assyria Domination of Judah by Assyria Eventual decline of Assyrian power Enactment of Josiah’s “reform” Decline of Judah into domination by Babylon First wave of exile Destruction of Jerusalem and its Temple Second and third waves of exile of elites to Babylon Persian victory, waves of return, rebuilding of Temple Nehemiah’s rebuilding of the wall Divorce of foreign wives under Ezra and elevation of Torah Hellenistic rule Hellenizing crisis Hasmonean kingdom
MAJOR WRITINGS (AND ORAL TRADITIONS) (No writings, but oral traditions about exodus, Trickster ancestors) (start of writing) Royal and Zion psalms (some) Proverbs ?Non‐P primeval history Jacob narrative Joseph narrative Exodus – wilderness story Song of Deborah Prophecy to the north by Amos and Hosea Prophecy to the south by Micah and Isaiah Formation of Deuteronomy and following historical books Nahum Zephaniah Early prophecies from Jeremiah Exilic additions to biblical books Lamentations Ezekieland Second Isaiah Non‐P (L) narrative of early Israel P counter‐narrative of early Israel Haggai Zechariah Nehemiah memoir Narratives of Temple rebuilding and of Ezra Third Isaiah Combined P and non‐P (L) Pentateuch Psalter Early parts of Enoch Ben Sira Ezra‐Nehemiah Esther 1–2 Chronicles Daniel 1–2 Maccabees, Judith
MAJOR NEW IDEAS AND THEMES Election theology Royal/Zion theology Exclusive devotion to Yahweh enforced (briefly) by Josiah Monotheism Dual Temple–Torah focus Judaism

Timeline

Important texts are noted in boldface.
BCE SOUTH (Judah) NORTH (“Israel” in narrower sense)
1300 (Waning Egyptian domination of Canaan) Spread of villages in Israelite hill county
Merneptah Stela mention of “Israel”
1200 Battles of hill‐country Israelites with neighbors
Oral exodus traditions
Oral ancestral traditions
1100 Oral victory traditions
Saul’s “chieftainship” David (Hebron; 1010–1002)
1000 David (Jerusalem; 1002–970)
Royal psalms, Zion psalms
Solomon (Jerusalem; 970–930)
Proverb collections(early form??) Non‐P primeval narrative
Rehoboam (Jerusalem) Jeroboam founds northern monarchy
900 (early form of written) Jacob narrative, Joseph novella, and exodus‐Moses narrative
Song of Deborah(written form)
Omride dynasty (880–841)
Jehu’s coup (841)
800 Jeroboam II (782–753) Amos
Isaiah(early prophecy) Assyrian domination of Israel begins (745–)
Syro‐Ephraimite war (735–734) Hosea
Assyrian domination of Judah (734–)
Micah, Isaiah(later prophecy)
Assyrian destruction of Israel (722)
Hezekiah (715–686)
Hezekiah’s rebellion and reform (705)
700 Sennacherib’s attack and mysterious withdrawal (701)
Manasseh (686–642)
Amon (642–640) (Waning of Assyrian power)
Josiah (640–609)
Zephaniah
Josiah’s reform (623)
Josianic edition of Deuteronomy, 2 Kings, etc.
(Fall of Nineveh, Assyria’s capital)
Nahum
Jeremiah
Domination of Judah by Babylonia
600 First wave of exiles (597)
Ezekiel’s early prophecy
Destruction of Jerusalem and second wave of exiles (586)
Lamentations and Psalm 137
Ezekiel’s later prophecy
Third wave of exiles (582)
Exilic additions to Deuteronomy, 2 Kings, and other Books
Non‐P/L Pentateuchal source (incorporating exilic‐modified forms of older non‐P primeval history, Jacob‐Joseph story, exodus‐Moses story, and Deuteronomy)
Priestly Pentateuchal source
Second Isaiah
Persian conquering of Babylonian empire (539)
First wave of returnees (~538)
Another wave, beginning of Temple restoration (532)
Another wave with Zerubbabel, completion of Temple rebuilding (520–515)
Haggai and Zechariah (1–9)
500 Nehemiah’s return and governorships (445–425)(rebuilding wall, purification of priesthood)
Nehemiah memoir
400 Return with Ezra, divorce of foreign wives, elevation of Torah (397–)
Combined (P and non‐P/L) Pentateuch
Narratives of Temple‐rebuilding and Ezra
Third Isaiah
Psalter(final, Torah‐oriented version of the book)
Greek conquering of Persian empire (332)
300 (Shifting domination of Palestine by Greek Ptolemies (Egypt) and Seleucids (Mesopotamia); 332–142)
Early parts of Enoch
1–2 Chronicles
Wisdom of Ben Sira (Sirach)
200 Jason purchase of high priesthood, attempt to Hellenize Jerusalem (174)
Menelaus purchase of high priesthood (171) and Judean rebellion against him
Daniel
Antiochus Epiphanes IV campaign to eradicate observant Judaism and beginning of Hasmonean‐led rebellion against Hellenistic rule (167–)
Purification and rededication of Temple (164)
Hasmonean independence and rule (142–63)
Ezra‐Nehemiah, Esther
1–2 Maccabees, Judith
100
CE Roman takeover of Palestine (63)
Destruction of the Second Temple (70)
MAP 01The ancient Near East Redrawn from Adrian Curtis ed Oxford Bible - фото 2

MAP 0.1The ancient Near East.

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