Anthony King - Urban Warfare in the Twenty-First Century

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Warfare has migrated into cities. From Mosul to Mumbai, Aleppo to Marawi, the major military battles of the twenty-first century have taken place in densely populated urban areas. Why has this happened? What are the defining characteristics of urban warfare today? What are its military and political implications?
Leading sociologist Anthony King answers these critical questions through close analysis of recent urban battles and their historical antecedents. Exploring the changing typography and evolving tactics of the urban battlescape, he shows that although not all methods used in urban warfare are new, operations in cities today have become highly distinctive. Urban warfare has coalesced into gruelling micro-sieges, which extend from street level – and below – to the airspace high above the city, as combatants fight for individual buildings, streets and districts. At the same time, digitalized social media and information networks communicate these battles to global audiences across an urban archipelago, with these spectators often becoming active participants in the fight.
A timely reminder of the costs and the horror of war and violence in cities, this book offers an invaluable interdisciplinary introduction to urban warfare in the new millennium for students of international security, urban studies and military science, as well as military professionals.

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CONTENTS

1 Cover

2 Title Page Urban Warfare in the Twenty-First Century Anthony King polity

3 Copyright

4 Preface

5 1 GomorrahMosul The Urban Revolution Urban Origins Understanding Contemporary Urban Warfare Notes

6 2 NumbersDefining Urban Warfare Demography and Asymmetry Interstate War Force Size The Decline of Mass Armies Fronts: Twentieth-Century Warfare Converging on Cities: Twenty-First-Century Warfare Notes

7 3 The Urban GuerrillaOut of the Mountains Out of the City Insurgent Literature The Battle of Belfast Force Ratios Brazil Back to the City Notes

8 4 MetropolisThe Global City The City as a System Urban Sociology Notes

9 5 WallsConcrete Early Modern Defences Modern Defences Twenty-First-Century Defences Micro-Siege Notes

10 6 AirVolume Airpower in the Twentieth Century The Battle of Hamburg Airspace in the Twenty-First Century Aerial Architecture Notes

11 7 FireFlames Targeting Airstrikes Artillery The Fire Sermon Notes

12 8 SwarmsFractal Manoeuvre Mouseholing Close-Quarters Battle Swarming The Return of the Siege Beyond Manoeuvre Notes

13 9 PartnersTraitors Twentieth-Century Partners Ramadi Operation Inherent Resolve Other Proxies Notes

14 10 RumourThe First Casualty of War Winning the Narrative A Sceptical Sociology of Information Operations The Battle of Mosul Notes

15 11 ArmageddonA Tale of Two Cities Megacity War The Smart City Nuclear Holocaust Notes

16 Bibliography

17 Index

18 End User License Agreement

Guide

1 Cover

2 Table of Contents

3 Title Page

4 Copyright

5 Preface

6 Begin Reading

7 Bibliography

8 Index

9 End User License Agreement

List of Maps

1 Chapter 1Map 1.1: The battle of Mosul, 2016–17

2 Chapter 2Map 2.1: The Stalingrad campaign, 1942Map 2.2: The Iraq War, 2003Map 2.3: The Gulf War, 1991

3 Chapter 3Map 3.1: Belfast, Catholic and Protestant areas

4 Chapter 5Map 5.1: Paris, 1870Map 5.2: Vienna, the RingstrasseMap 5.3: The battle of Sadr City, 2008

5 Chapter 6Map 6.1: Operation Gomorrah attack plans, 1943

6 Chapter 8Map 8.1: Thunder Run, 5 and 7 April 2003

7 Chapter 11Map 11.1: The battle of Stalingrad, attack on the Commissar’s House, November 1942Map 11.2: The second battle of Fallujah, November 2004

List of Figures

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1: The ancient walls of JerichoFigure 1.2: Çatalhöyük

2 Chapter 3Figure 3.1: The Divis Flats

3 Chapter 4Figure 4.1: Mexico City horizonal urban growth, 1910–2000Figure 4.2: The city as organism

4 Chapter 5Figure 5.1: The trace italienne , Fort BourtangeFigure 5.2: The Atlantic WallFigure 5.3: US Embassy in London

5 Chapter 6Figure 6.1: Airpower in the battle of Sadr City

6 Chapter 8Figure 8.1: MouseholingFigure 8.2: Close-quarters battle: the five-step entry method

7 Chapter 9Figure 9.1: Captain Patriquin’s stick-man presentation

List of Tables

1 Chapter 2 Table 2.1: Army size (active service personnel), 1991–2019

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Urban Warfare in the Twenty-First Century

Anthony King

polity

Copyright © Anthony King 2021

The right of Anthony King to be identified as Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

First published in 2021 by Polity Press

Polity Press

65 Bridge Street

Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK

Polity Press

101 Station Landing

Suite 300

Medford, MA 02155, USA

All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.

ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-4367-0

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: King, Anthony, 1967- author.

Title: Urban warfare in the twenty-first century / Anthony King.

Description: Cambridge, UK ; Medford, MA : Polity Press, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “An outstanding interdisciplinary introduction to urban warfare in the contemporary world”-- Provided by publisher.

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